2025 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 135-151
The time period required for immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can be very long and is influenced by various factors, such as the type of conditioning regimen, immunosuppressive drugs used, the development of graft-versus-host disease, and its treatment. Consequently, patients often develop various infections, sometimes with fatal outcomes, owing to severe and persistent immunodeficiency. Recent advancements in antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral drug therapies have improved allo-HSCT outcomes, especially by reducing non-relapse mortality. However, infections remain a major post-transplant complication, accounting for more than 20% of deaths after allo-HSCT. Thus, assessing each patient’s risk factors for infection over time and implementing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies accordingly is critical for controlling infections after allo-HSCT. This review summarizes the latest evidence on prevention and treatment strategies for fungal and cytomegalovirus infections after allo-HSCT, which have seen remarkable progress in recent years.
