Transactions of the Japan Academy
Online ISSN : 2424-1903
Print ISSN : 0388-0036
ISSN-L : 0388-0036
The Japanese Political System-a Note
Jun-ichi KYOGOKU
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1999 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 57-75

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Abstract
An American fleet of four“black ships”led by Commodore M. C. Perry cast anchor in Tokyo Bay on July 8, 1853. It was the beginning of all the changes and transformations that took place in the Japanese society and culture in the following 150 years.
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