Abstract
Lignophenols (LPs) have been directly synthesized from lignocellulosics through the phase-separation system composed of concentrated acids and phenols under mild conditions. As resulting LPs have rich phenolic hydroxyl groups by grafted phenols, various derivatives were easily designed from LPs: LPs and Polyaniline (PAni) produced conductive composites mixed in homogeneous conditions of N-methylpyrollidone solutions with emeraldine salts confirmed by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Softwood LPs grafted with mono phenol showed better conductivities. Especially, both Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)-lignophenol (p-cresol type) and Western Hemlock-lignopheriol (m-cresol type) showed high conductivities, 4.6 x 10^-6 Scm^-1 and 1.0 x 10^-7 Scm^-1, respectively. But both LPs with polyphenols and 2nd derivatives of LPs with small molecules have not showed good results. The conductivities of LPs/PAni composites probably were produced by polymeric structures, hydrophobic pi-pi stackings and intermolecular interactions. Thus, these properties of LPs for dopings were derived from both polymeric structures with aromatic rings and high acidities amplified by 1,1-bis(aryl)propane type structures. These conductivities were sufficient for removal of static electricity or resistance for rust.
