2005 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 9-20
In Japan, no research has been done in order to develop specific and systematized techniques for ameliorating behavior disorders. The present paper reviews research using behavioral approaches to study people with severe behavior disorders, clarifies the process of development of the behavioral theories and techniques in those studies, discusses the development of new methodology, and describes related future issues in Japan. In the 1960s, behavioral techniques for use with persons with severe behavior disorders were limited to aversive control; since then, the degree of aversiveness has been lowered. In the 1980s, functional assessment was developed; after that, it became possible to shape appropriate behavior and thereby reduce behavior disorders. Recently, the focus has shifted from a reduction in behavior disorders, to an improvement of other aspects of the person's life, using positive behavior support and a molar approach. In the future in Japan, more opportunities for training in behavioral approaches should be established, and behavior support should focus on a community-based life. Improvements in the quality of life resulting from use of a behavioral approach should be evaluated by objective indicators.
