Abstract
本研究では、日本の2つの官民協働刑務所において職業訓練を受講している犯罪傾向の進んでいない535名の受刑者(男子444名、女子91名)を対象に、受刑者の就労に対する考え方や意欲について調査を実施した。就労を阻む考え方、就労・就労継続につながる考え方、就労意欲のそれぞれについて、先行研究に基づき確認的因子分析を行った。その結果、就労に関する複数の捉え方や就労意欲に関する下位概念が抽出されたが、多くの項目で天井効果がみられ、それぞれの下位項目についてモデルの適合度に課題が残った。就労意欲以外の各項目について性差を検討したところ、女子受刑者は、出所後の就労に対して期待を抱き、自分にとっての大切な事柄を認識する一方で、受刑による被排除感を強く感じていることや、うまくいかないことがあった場合のコーピングが苦手である傾向がみられた。就労に関する心理的な要因や環境要因についての今後の研究が望まれる。
Translated Abstract
The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the career thoughts and work motivation of inmates who had low recidivism risk and who had received vocational training at two Private Finance Initiative prisons in Japan. In these prisons, some of the operations are handled by private companies, financed in part by the government’s Private Finance Initiative program. After the inmates (N=535) completed a questionnaire, the data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses in order to examine the subcategories of career thoughts hindering working, career thoughts improving continuous working, and job motivation. These categories were drawn from previous studies in career psychology. Although the results confirmed several subcategories as defined in previous studies, some challenges were encountered, including ceiling effects on several items and an inadequate model fit, particularly for job motivation. Gender differences in career thoughts hindering working and career thoughts improving continuous working were also examined. The results indicated that, compared to the male inmates, the female inmates had greater expectations for a job after their release and recognized important values, but also had a feeling of exclusion and anxiety about working due to their imprisonment. Furthermore, the women demonstrated lower coping skills when dealing with stress and undesirable situations than the men. Overall, the present findings suggest the need for further research on psychological and situational factors related to inmates’ work careers in order to provide better support to them in overcoming the challenges that they face during their reentry into society. The results of the present study highlight the importance of addressing gender differences when developing interventions and support programs for inmates. The study’s limitations and implications for future studies were also discussed.
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