The Japanese Journal of Special Education
Online ISSN : 2186-5132
Print ISSN : 0387-3374
ISSN-L : 0387-3374
Practical Research
Effects of a Whole Body Exercise Intervention for Junior High School Students With Intellectual Disabilities Who Were Clumsy: Changes in Coordination
Masayuki ISHIIKazushige AKAGI
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2024 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 213-224

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Abstract

知的障害児における協調運動の困難さは多く指摘されてきた。就学前後の知的障害児に対する運動指導を実施した先行研究はみられるものの、学童期以降の先行研究は少ない。本研究の目的は、知的特別支援学校中学部生徒2名に、5種類の粗大運動によるサーキットトレーニングを3か月15回実施し、粗大運動および微細運動の改善を目指すことであった。トレーニング期間の前・中間・後に粗大運動と微細運動の運動課題を各2種類実施して、効果を測定した。粗大運動の効果は、おぼん運び・片足跳びで測定した。微細運動の効果は、シール貼り・はさみ操作で測定した。その結果、サーキットトレーニング実施前後を比較すると、2名ともに、粗大運動と微細運動の課題結果のいずれも改善がみられた。サーキットトレーニングは、粗大運動と微細運動のどちらの改善にも寄与する可能性があり、協調運動の機能向上は学童期以降でも可能性があることが示唆された。

Translated Abstract

The difficulties in coordinated movements shown by individuals with intellectual disabilities have been widely discussed. Some previous studies have addressed motor guidance for pre- and post-schooling children with intellectual disabilities; but few published studies have focused on interventions aimed at improving the gross and fine motor skills of individuals who are beyond school age. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate effects on gross and fine motor skills of an intervention that consisted of 5 whole-body exercises that had been shown to stabilize the trunk of the body, cultivate a sense of balance, and improve posture and dynamic balance ability. The participants were 2 third-year junior high school students with intellectual disabilities who had problems with coordinated movements. The intervention was carried out twice a week; 15 sessions were conducted over a period of 3 months. Effects of the intervention were evaluated before, during, and after the training period using tasks that measured gross and fine motor skills. The gross motor skills tasks included activities such as tray carrying and one-legged hopping; the fine motor skills tasks, sticker placement and scissor manipulation. A comparison of the participants’ pre- and post-intervention assessments indicated that they improved in both gross and fine motor skills. These findings suggest that this exercise program may have the potential to contribute to improvements in both gross and fine motor skills, indicating the possibility of enhancing coordination functions even beyond the school-age period.

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