The Japanese Journal of Special Education
Online ISSN : 2186-5132
Print ISSN : 0387-3374
ISSN-L : 0387-3374
Practical Research
Shaping Fluency and Using a Demands and Capacities Model (DCM) Approach With an Elementary School Student Who Stuttered
Saburo TAKAHASHI
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2024 Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 225-234

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Abstract

ことばの教室は吃音のある小学生の支援の場だが、そこでの臨床報告は少ない。そこで本稿では、ことばの教室に通級する児童に対して実施した流暢性形成法と要求-能力モデル(DCM)に基づくアプローチを併用した指導の結果を報告した。対象児は小学1年の吃音児1名であった。発話速度の低下と軟起声、軽い構音接触を中心とした流暢性形成法と、話し相手が要求水準を下げた関わりを行うDCMに基づくアプローチを中心に行った。その結果、吃音頻度は100文節中73から10へ、平均吃音生起時間は2,078ミリ秒から788ミリ秒へと減少した。家庭での吃音重症度評定は5から3へと低下した。CAT得点は18から8へと低下した。以上のことから、流暢性形成法とDCMに基づくアプローチの併用は発話の流暢性の改善に有効であり、コミュニケーション態度の向上にも繋がったと考えられた。流暢性形成法とDCMの併用は今後のことばの教室の指導の選択肢のひとつになると思われた。

Translated Abstract

Although speech and language disorder resource rooms appear to provide essential support for elementary school students who stutter, clinical reports that support its efficacy are scant. Therefore, the present article reports the results of an instruction method that combined fluency shaping and a Demands and Capacities Model-based approach (DCM). The study was conducted in a speech and language disorder resource room. The participant was a first-grade elementary school girl who stuttered. She was taught fluency shaping techniques (slow rate, easy onset, and light contact). Attempts were also made to decrease speakers’ motor, language, cognitive, and emotional demands on her. The results indicated that, in 10-minute free conversations, the percentage of phrases stuttered decreased from 73% to 10%, and the duration of her stuttering decreased from 2,078 ms to 788 ms. Her parents’ ratings on the Stuttering Severity Rating Scale of the severity of her stuttering at home decreased from 5 to 3. In addition, her scores on the Communication Attitude Test decreased from 18 to 8. These results suggest that the combination of fluency shaping and the Demands and Capacities Model-based approach may have been effective in improving her speech fluency and her attitude about communication. This procedure may be a viable option for future instruction in speech and language disorder resource rooms.

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