Abstract
本研究では青年期の定型発達者を対象として、ASD（autism spectrum disorder）傾向が高い者においてもASD者と類似した特性共感の困難が認められるかどうか、ならびにASD傾向が高い者でも、自身と性格特性が類似した他者に対してであれば状態共感は高まるのかについて検討することを目的とした。調査には、ASD傾向を測るAQ（Autism Spectrum Quotient）、特性共感を測るIRI（Interpersonal Reactivity Index）、ある人物に対する状態共感を測る共感反応指標の3指標を用いた。その結果、ASD傾向が高い対象者は、ASD傾向が低い対象者に比べIRIの「共感的関心」得点が低かった。しかし、自身と性格特性が類似した人物に対する共感反応指標における「共感的関心」得点は、類似していない人物に対するものよりも高かった。このことから、ASD傾向が高い者は、共感的関心における特性共感の困難が認められる一方で、自身と性格特性が類似した他者に対しての状態共感は高まる可能性があることが示唆された。
Translated Abstract
The present study examined the similarity hypothesis for empathy among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits. The participants, 171 college students (91 men and 80 women, average age 19.8 years) completed three scales: (a) Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), (b) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), (c) Empathy Responses Scale, and scores measuring the participants’ perceived similarity to the character of an individual with autism spectrum disorder traits (character A) or without autism spectrum traits (character B). The perspective-taking, fantasy, and empathic concern scores on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of the participants with high Autism Spectrum Quotient scores were significantly lower than those of the participants with low Autism Spectrum Quotient scores. However, the personal distress scores on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of the participants with high Autism Spectrum Quotient scores were considerably higher than those of the participants with low Autism Spectrum Quotient scores. These results, which are consistent with previous studies among individuals with autism spectrum disorder, suggest that individuals with strong autism spectrum disorder traits seem to have difficulty understanding other people’s perspective and feel distressed about others experiencing problems. Furthermore, among the participants with low and with high Autism Spectrum Quotient scores, the empathic concern scores for the participants who evaluated themselves as similar to an individual with autism spectrum disorder were significantly higher than those who evaluated themselves as dissimilar from such an individual. Therefore, the present findings support the similarity hypothesis for empathy among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder traits. Future studies should investigate whether the tendencies observed in the present study are also observed among individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
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