Glucose Control Effects of Nutrition Education Using Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring in Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus not Involving Insulin Therapy

Abstract

We studied nutrition education glycemic control effects using self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on 49 obese outpatients aged 30 to 69 years with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c of 6.5 to 8.9% and BMI ≥25 kg/m² undergoing treatment without insulin therapy. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups with final analysis of 19 in the intervention group and 21 in the control group. The intervention group conducted SMBG 2 hours postprandially 2 evenings a week for 6 months and underwent nutrition training on meals versus postprandial blood glucose levels every 2 months. HbA1c in the intervention group decreased from 7.3±0.5% to 7.1±0.7% (mean±SD) compared to an increase in the control group of 7.3±0.7% to 8.1±1.1% (p<0.001), showing a significant intergroup difference in pre- and postintervention HbA1c change (p<0.001). In the intervention group, BMI decreased from 28.4±3.0 kg/m² to 28.0±3.1 kg/m²(p=0.036) and diet, nutrition, self-efficacy, and dietary knowledge and behavior improved. Satisfaction with diabetes treatment also increased (p=0.012).