The role of Ca²⁺ signaling from lysosomes in the toxic mechanism for titanate nanosheets

Abstract

Oure previous study revealed that titanate nanosheet (TiNS) exposed monocytes underwent apoptosis following marked vacuolation. The achievements to date showed that TiNS increased lysosome level as well as autophagy-related gene expression, and that apoptosis was suppressed by bafilomycin A1 but not wortmannin, demonstrating that the toxicity is mediated through the function of lysosomes. The present study clarified that TiNS exposure increased cytosolic Ca²⁺ level as well as ATP6V1E1 and MCOLN1 mRNA levels and that lysosomal Ca²⁺ channel agonist accelerated apoptosis of monocytes exposed to TiNS.