Study of the primary factor in the fatigue strength of steel-aluminium brazing joint by partial machining of joint parts

Abstract

Weld-joint has been atracting attention to assemble structures of dissimilar metals, particularly in automobile industry. However, the application of weld-joint to steel and aluminum plates is still limited due to uncertainty of the fatigue strength. Fatigue strength of weld-joint is rather complicated to evaluate because both effects of stress concentration at the edge and formation of intermetallic compounds along the interface should be considered carefully. This study focused on finding the key factor that determines the fatigue strength of steel-aluminum brazing joint by considering the variation of strength along interface. The welded part of single lap joint was partially removed by a wire-cut electric discharge machine to investigate the influence of length and location of interface on fatigue strength. When the applied load was relatively low it was found that the numbers of cycles to failure were found to be similar, even though the lengths of interface were different due to partial removal. Furthermore, observation on the fracture surface indicated that early stage of crack propagation showed similar topography regardless of the partial removal of weld part. These results clarified that the number of cycles to failure was mainly consumed at the early stage. Finite element analysis was then conducted to investigate the stress component affecting the fatigue strength. As a result, principal stresses were maximum at the fracture initiation site in all the specimens. Therefore, we concluded that fatigue life of weld-joint is dominant in the early stage of crack propagation, which is characterized by the principal stress.