Flexibility of coffee agroforestry with diversified shade tree composition: A case study in Panama

抄録

Agroforestry has drawn attention as a promising way to tackle deforestation, particularly in tropical regions. Shade coffee agroforestry in Central America is one such example that has been spotlighted as an ecological and socioeconomic boon for farmers. In this study we focus on the distribution of shade trees and the dynamics of coffee plantations, and explain how is incorporated into people's changing livelihoods. Interviews with households and visits to coffee fields revealed 119 different shade tree species in various combinations on 159 coffee fields held by 66 households. The diversification of tree species was a reflection of various demands for shade trees according to the preferences of individual householders based on their lifestyle, culture, and knowledge. Diversity and variability in land use was also observed. Especially plantations had flexible dynamics incorporating slash-and-burn farming. These diversities should help people in responding flexibly to changes in external political or economic factors. Maintaining a wide range of options through diversity or other means is an excellent way to ensure a robust and flexible response to external pressures.