Abstract
Vitamin E is a generic term for all tocopherol and tocotrienol derivatives. The most abundant and active form of vitamin E isoforms in vivo is α-tocopherol, but recently the roles of other forms of vitamin E have received renewed attention. In this review, we summarize the differences among α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols specifically regarding the following points; (1) their radical-scavenging efficacies in solution, (2) their physical effects at the liposomal membrane interior and in cells, and (3) their protective effects against cell toxicity and diseases by using animal models. Moreover, the physiological significance and future prospects for using vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, for the prevention and treatment of diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are discussed.
