Abstract
More than 40 years have passed since the Ramsar Convention，which is aimed at conserving wetlands，came
into effect in 1975. However，in fact，wetland areas tend to continue to decrease. For this reason，in the last decades the Ramsar Convention has placed emphasis on ensuring not only increasing the number of Ramsar Sites but also that Ramsar Sites are managed in accordance with the obligations and the aim of the Convention. Therefore，this paper firstly summarizes the obligation to conserve the Ramsar Sites prescribed by Article 3.2 of the Ramsar Convention. In addition，it explores the reason why the Contracting Party has violated the obligation under Article 3.2 in a regular manner over a long period of time. Secondly，this paper focuses on the utilization of guidelines and the role of NGOs and investigates the countermeasures that will not cause such obligation violations. Thirdly，based on the above two points，it further explores how to manage the Ramsar Sites in accordance with the obligations of the Convention to ensure the effective implementation of the Convention.
