2021 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 67-79
Background In this study, we developed and tested the validity and reliability of the 12-item Rest and Recreation Quality Scale (RRQ-Scale) for Workers as a new scale capable of conveniently assessing the quality of workers’ days off, that is, their rest and recreation.
Methods Participants included 756 employees (694 men, 62 women, mean age ± SD= 44.7 ± 13.5, age range = 18–81) of 26 manufacturing-related companies located in Oita Prefecture, Japan. We analyzed the factorial validity of the scale’s score distribution and its criterion-related validity and reliability (Cronbach’s coefficient α), compared to MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2.0 (SF-36v2) and the generalized self-efficacy scale. Participants responded to the 12 questions on 4-point scales; these were summed to calculate the total score (score range: 12–48 points).
Results The smallest and largest mean ± SD of the questions were 2.53 ± 0.89 and 3.21 ± 0.74, respectively, which are within the possible score range (1–4, implying the absence of floor and ceiling effects). A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the goodness of fit of the higher-order factor analysis model was satisfactory (GFI = 0.955), confirming factorial validity. In addition, consistent with the theoretical predictions, the total score exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with the components of the SF-36v2; physical component summary (PCS): rs = 0.193, P < 0.001, mental component summary (MCS): rs = 0.369, P < 0.001, and role/social Component Summary (RCS): rs = 0.115, P = 0.002. This confirmed criterion-related validity. Further, the overall reliability of the scale was high; α = 0.877.
Conclusion In sum, the score distribution, validity, and reliability of the RRQ-Scale for workers were good, indicating a high degree of practicality.
