Development of an Artificial Assembly Line Generating Skeletally Diverse Indole Alkaloids Inspired by Biogenetic Strategy

Abstract

With intention to formulate a potentially general synthetic strategy generating a collection of skeletally diverse scaffolds without simplifying a structural feature of natural products, we devised an artificial assembly line of terpenoid indole alkaloids and its variants. Inspired by the key biosynthetic intermediate, dehydrosecodine, responsible for divergent intramolecular cyclizations, a “multipotent intermediate” with improved stability and versatile reactivity was designed to establish a streamlined divergent synthetic process. A newly developed copper-catalyzed cyclization protocol allowed rapid formation of the sensitive dihydropyridine system. By harnessing the versatile reactivity of the multipotent intermediate, three types of bioinspired [4＋2] cycloadditions as well as two types of oxidation-triggered cyclizations were successfully implemented to generate five distinct scaffolds involving iboga-, aspidosperma-, andranginine- and ngouniensine-type skeletons and unnatural tetracyclic framework within 6-9 steps from tryptamine. Furthermore, simple manipulations of the [4＋2] products allowed total synthesis of (−)-catharanthine, (±)-vincadifformine and (±)-andranginine, demonstrating a structural relevance of our compound collections to the natural products.