Charged π-Electronic Systems That Provide Assembled Structures

Abstract

Various charged π-electronic systems have been synthesized for application in ion-pairing assemblies. Anion-responsive π-electronic systems, which form anion complexes as pseudo-π-electronic anions, have been functionalized by peripheral and core modifications. π-Electronic anions have also been constructed by the introduction of a negative charge to an aromatic system and the attachment of hydrogen-bonding-stabilized anionic units to the π-electronic systems via covalent linkages. Porphyrins have been found extended π-electronic systems that stabilize positively and negatively charged states. The combination of charged π-electronic systems enabled the formation of diverse ion pairs and their assemblies, exhibiting distinct assembling behaviors and properties depending on the constituent charged species.