Reductive Cleavage of C-O and C-N Bonds by Homogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysis

Abstract

The selective cleavage of carbon-oxygen (C-O) and carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds remains a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis, offering a versatile platform for constructing new chemical bonds. In particular, homogeneous transition metal catalysis has enabled highly selective reductive cleavage of ethereal C-O bonds under mild conditions, providing new strategies for both small molecule functionalisation and polymer degradation. Meanwhile, recent advances have extended this approach to more challenging C-N bonds. This review highlights recent advances in the development of homogeneous catalysis for the reductive cleavage of C-O and C-N bonds alongside their mechanistic insights. Additionally, emerging applications in the valorisation of polymers such as lignin and epoxy resins highlight the broader impact of reductive cleavage of C-O bonds.

Graphical Abstract