Abstract
The economical synthesis of alkyl terpenyl maleate (ATM) was investigated, for they are expected to be valuable as intermediates for anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactants of succinate type.
The alkyl maleic monoesters were prepared at first by the reaction of maleic anhydride (1mol) with various fatty alcohols (1mol) at 105°C for four hours.
Then, to these monoesters, camphene (1.2mol) was added in the presence of cation exchange resin as catalyst, the amount of which was 5% by weight of camphene. The temperature was kept at 65°C for ten hours further more.
ATM was obtained in 75% over all yield.
Terpenyl groups of ATM were confirmed mainly to exist as isobornyl and as minor constituents, as camphenilyl, l-β-fenchyl, n-bornyl or epi-isobornyl.
It has been found that cation exchange resin can stand repeated use over again, and terpenyl groups of ATM were found to be much more stable than alkyl groups in alkaline condition.
