異常反応に基づく事故例と原因究明の進め方

抄録

Some case histories in chemical process occurred due to unexpected reaction in the past twelve years in Japan were collected, classified and discussed. As the result, chemical accidents of this type were found to occur mainly in reaction process, in distillation process, in drying or storage process (in which the causes are mostly similar to spontaneous ignition phenomena) and in pipe lines.
Causes of accidents in the reaction process can be classified into two large groups, in which one is due to the fault of temperature control and the other is concerned with the miss in composition control of the reaction system. The typical examples of the fault of temperature control are as follows breakdown of electric power supply, breakdown of temperature control instruments, infelicity of the positon of the temperature sensor, etc. And that of the miss in composition control are : breakdown of measuring instruments, mistake in feeding control of reactants or catalyst, fault associated with agitating operation, trouble in enlarging the scale of operation, etc.
On distillation process, it is stated that special caution should be given to impurities such as catalyst or its derivative for recovery that may be carried forward with the crude distillate to the distillation process.
In addition, some comments are given on how to investigate the course of accident.