バイオセンサ

抄録

Various biosensors using immobilized biocatalysts such as enzymes, organelles, and microorganisms and electrochemical devices have been developed for the determination of organic compounds. Enzyme sensors consisted of immobilized enzymes and electrochemical devices. These enzyme sensors were applied to the determination of glucose, ethanol, pyruvate, amino acids, urea and so on. Some of them were commercially available and applied to clinical and food analyses. On the other hand, microbial sensors consisted of immobilized microorganisms and electrochemical devices have been developed by the authors. Microbial sensors are stable for a long time. Therefore, microbial sensors were applied to fermentation process and environmental analyses. The microbial sensors are classified into two types. The microbial sensors based on the amperometric determination of respiration activity were applied to the determination of glucose, acetic acid, ethanol, ammonia, methane, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and so on. The microbial sensors based on the potentiometric or amperometric determination of electroactive metabolite produced by microorganisms were also applied to the determination of glutamic acid, vitamines, cephalosporin and so on. Furthermore, immuno and enzyme immuno sensors are also described in the review.