抄録
A simple and effective method for making a diagnosis of the earthquake safety in a household unit has been diveloped using various household and surrounding data by a questionnaire survey, for the purpose of finding out the optimal earthquake preparedness in the family level. The assessed earthquake risks are not only for the instantaneous disasters of structural and other physical damages and human casualties but also for the succeeding short-and long term impacts.
In Part I the necessity of performing such all-round survey for a household is first described in criticizing the previous studies. In which most effort was confined within the scope of the structural safety itself, and the basic idea is framed in an application of the well-known method in the sanitary science which starts at a rough screening of the suspected examines and gets into the precise examination. For taking this idea into practice the essential earthquake disaster items were rearranged on a coordinate system with time and distance axes, and a causal model was introduced so as to explain the sequential changes of earthquake disasters from the early to later stages in relation with several tens of house-hold characteristic factors. Based on such fundamental considerations the numbers of items to inquire were chosen and compiled in a form of a questionnaire. After having a pilot test the principal survey in a size of 800 questionnaires was conducted in Kawasaki City, Central Japan. The analysing details, actual diagnosises and guidlines for improving earthquake preparedness in the family level and so forth will be reported in Part II in this series of papers.
