By clarifying the social/psychological and organizational/environmental factors that narrow career options, this study aims to validate the evidence of various career supports that can cope with those factors in order to broaden the possibilities of career selection for both Para athletes after retirement and for those who are still active athletes. Actual condition survey was conducted to aim for the improvement of career development and athletic ability by making apparent the obstructive factors that stand above the career selection for Para athletes. The purpose of disclosing the process of Par athletes’ career selection was to discover the issues surrounding them, identify both the positive and negative factors that many Para athletes experience during career selection, and investigate how those factors influence Para athletes when selecting their athletic careers.

Amputee soccer is a disabled sport designed for players with limb amputation and/or paralysis. Quantitative studies of amputee soccer are progressing gradually, but qualitative studies are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the elements of the important performance of field players in amputee soccer using interview surveys. Nine field players in amputee soccer participated in the study. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants and the author. First, qualitative data from interviews were translated and then analyzed using the qualitative synthesis method. As a result, elements of performance that amputee soccer players considered important were classified into two groups: individual and team. Individuals performances were categorized as: physical fitness, tactics on opponents one-on-one, thinking for motion, techniques of ball control, and practiced clutch-work. It was noted that the importance of endurance factors as well as instantaneous factors was important for physical fitness. The tactics of opponents during one-on-one sessions were considered equivalent to individual tactics. It was identified that the field players were thinking about motion, including practiced clutch-work. Furthermore, the importance of ball control, which is the basic technique of soccer, was mentioned. Performances related to the team consisted of three elements: looking around, reading the flow of the game, and calling out. Several opinions from players were reflected their own rules and/or competitive characteristics in amputee soccer. In addition, this study showed the importance elements that have not been investigated in previous quantitative studies. These findings would be useful materials for future studies to clarify the performance structure in amputee soccer.

This study aimed to clarify the degree of experience, interest, and knowledge regarding adapted sports among students and to present material for designing high-school physical education classes. As for the survey, we used Microsoft’s questionnaire function (forms). The study included 572 students from Grades 1–5 (aged 16–20 years) enrolled in the National Institute of Technology College. A total of 568 students responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 99.3%). The study found that 12% of all students had experience in adapted sports. The number of experienced players was significantly higher for the first-grade students and significantly lower for the fifth graders. No significant difference was found between grades regarding degree of interest for adapted sport. The highest interest in adapted sports was found among the first graders and the lowest was found among the fifth graders. One of the factors for these differences was thought to be the revision of the 2017 Commentary on the Courses of Study for Junior High School (Health and Physical Education), which indicated that students should “experience sports for the disabled.” Forty-eight percent correctly answered the question “For which population was boccia designed?” As of 2020, interest in adapted sports has been increasing. However, the percentage of experienced students varied by grade. There was a problem with the retention of knowledge about adapted sports. The results can be beneficial in designing physical education classes for high-school students.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify expectations and awareness of the Tokyo Paralympic Games during the COVID-19 calamity. This study conducted an online survey of 2,500 people in November 2020. The main items in the questionnaire addressed respondents’ interest in the Tokyo Paralympic Games, and gathered opinions on whether or not they should be held, how to hold them, and their intention to watch the games. According to the survey results, 32.6% of the respondents were interested in the Tokyo Paralympic Games, 27.1% said they should be held as planned, 30.0% said they should be postponed again, and 42.9% said they should be canceled. Regarding the format of the games, 12.4% of the respondents said the event should be held as usual, 40.5% said it should be simplified, and 47.1% said it should be held without spectators. Only 4.3% of the respondents wanted to watch the Tokyo Paralympic Games in person. The results of this study suggest that interest in the Tokyo Paralympic Games during the COVID 19 pandemic has become much lower than in previous studies, and many people did not want them to be held as planned, and even if they were, they did not want to watch the event in person.