SAMHD1 restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a cell-type specific manner. Other than primary monocyte derived cells and resting CD4⁺ T cells, the SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 block was reported only in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 and U937 monocyte cell lines. We previously reported that SAMHD1 restricted HIV-1 infection in TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cells in addition to these cell lines. In this study, we compared the amounts of the full-length SAMHD1 and its deletion mutants, SAM domain containing N-terminal fragment (residues 1-119, SAMHD1n) and HD domain containing C-terminal fragment (120-626, SAMHD1c) in U937, TE671, and HeLa cells. The results showed that the full-length SAMHD1 and SAMHD1n proteins were significantly more abundant than the SAMHD1c protein in TE671 and differentiated U937 cells. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased the amount of the SAMHD1c and the SAMHD1c-fused GFP proteins. In contrast, the fusion of the SAMHD1n to the APOBEC3G protein inhibited Vif-induced proteasomal degradation in TE671 and in differentiated U937 cells. These results indicated that the SAMHD1 C-terminal HD domain-containing region leads the SAMHD1 to proteasomal degradation, and the SAMHD1 N-terminal SAM domain-containing region stabilizes the protein. Our study showed that the SAMHD1 protein expression is post-translationally regulated and the significance of SAM and HD domains for the full-length SAMHD1 protein stability. Further, we suggest that the SAM domain-containing N-terminal region participate in the cell-type specific restrictive function of SAMHD1 against HIV-1 infection, by protein stabilization.

抄録全体を表示

　Background: In Japan, there have been no substantial studies of social function and physical aging in adults with Down syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine social functions (movement, conversation, and daily living skills) and physical signs of aging in adults with Down syndrome in Japan, and to analyze the relationship between changes in social function and age. 　Methods: A cross-sectional survey of persons with Down syndrome who were 15 years of age or older (15-65 years old) was conducted. The survey was conducted in patients associations, institutes, group homes, and workplaces from July to December 2009. Primary caregivers, such as family members and institute staff, were asked to complete a questionnaire on the subjects’ living situation, movement ability, conversational skills, daily living skills, and 10 characteristics of physical aging at the time of the survey. 　Results: The total number of subjects was 315. Subjects’ movement ability, conversational ability, and daily living skills declined as a function of age. Canities (40.6%) were the most prevalent physical sign of aging, followed by missing teeth, hump back, and skin wrinkling. Further, physical aging was related to a decline in social functions (p < 0.001). 　Conclusion: The present study showed that adults with Down syndrome exhibit signs of physical aging earlier than do the general population, and that physical aging is associated with social functioning. Thus, the appearance of physical aging might indicate a decline in social functioning.

抄録全体を表示

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze proximal femoral morphology in Japanese persons using computed tomography (CT) data. Materials and methods: Data from 19 normal hips (N group) and 19 dysplastic hips (DH group) in women who underwent total hip arthroplasty were randomly selected from a CT database. The femur 3D model created by computer software was imported to a computer-aided design software package to analyze the medullary morphology. Center edge angle (CE angle), Sharp angle, femoral head diameter (FHD), and the offset were measured. The femoral neck isthmus space (FNIS), which is the narrowest part of the femoral neck, at neck-shaft angles of 125°, 130°, and 135°, was also measured. Results: In the N group, CE angle was 36.2°, Sharp angle was 39.8°, FHD was 42.6 mm, and offset was 39.5 mm. In the DH group, CE angle was 24.7°, Sharp angle was 46.1°, FHD was 45.2 mm, and offset was 33.6 mm. Each parameter was significantly different between the groups. FNIS was 21.8 mm, 22.1 mm, and 22.1 mm, respectively, in the N group and 21.7 mm, 21.6 mm, and 21.5 mm, respectively, in the DH group. Discussion: This is the first report to clarify the medullary morphology of the proximal femur in Japanese women. Results show that there is sufficient space for currently available implant to fit in. This study also elucidated the morphologic characteristics of dysplastic hip, which will be useful information in developing hip prostheses and fixation devices suitable for Asian patients.

抄録全体を表示

　Although bone metabolism is reportedly associated with production and maturation of blood corpuscles, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels have been associated with bone metabolism, no published study has investigated the association between ALP and anemia. Furthermore, although ALP is known as an enzyme affected by alcohol consumption, there are no reports in the literature on associations between ALP and the risk of anemia in relation to drinking status. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 907 men aged 30-89 years undergoing a general health check-up to investigate the associations between ALP and anemia in relation to drinking status. Of the 907 participants, 120 men were diagnosed with anemia. The association between ALP and anemia was J-shaped. With the second quartile of ALP (194-228 IU/L) (Q2) as the reference group, the multivariable adjusted OR and 95%CI for anemia were 1.91 (95%CI: 0.96-3.82) for < 194 IU/L (Q1), 1.84 (95%CI: 0.93-3.62) for 229-277 IU/L (Q3) and 2.83 (95%CI:1.49-5.37) for > 277 IU/L (Q4). When the analysis was limited to non-drinkers, the associations became stronger with corresponding values of 3.34 (95%CI: 1.28-8.74), 3.18 (95%CI: 1.28-7.88) and 3.22 (95%CI:1.37-7.59). Not only lower but also higher levels of serum ALP are associated with anemia for men, especially non-drinkers. For analyses of associations between ALP and anemia, alcohol consumption should thus be considered a potential confounder.

抄録全体を表示

We herein report a case of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Although the treatment of extrahepatic metastasis from primary liver tumors is essentially palliative, solitary metastasis from such tumors offers the possibility of a cure by surgical resection. The adrenal gland is an uncommon site for metastasis from ICC. A patient who had received a right hepatic lobectomy with lymph node resection for ICC later developed a heterochronous adrenal metastasis, and thus underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy 30 months after the liver resection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of adrenalectomy for heterochronous metastasis from ICC.

抄録全体を表示

A 77-year-old man with a history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use was admitted to our hospital due to anemia and hypoalbuminemia. Radioisotope scintigraphy indicated protein loss from the small intestine. The patient underwent capsule endoscopy, which was later found to be retained in the ileum. Double-balloon endoscopy showed multiple strictures with ulcers in the small intestine. The capsule was found in proximal to one of the stenosis, and was removed by doubleballoon enteroscopy. Based on endoscopic findings, NSAID-induced enteritis was diagnosed. Although anemia and hypoalbuminemia improved after discontinuing NSAID, the patient developed ileus and underwent partial resection of the ileum. Multiple diaphragm-like strictures were present in the resected intestine. The current case highlights the importance of screening for intestinal strictures when NSAID ulcer is suspected.

抄録全体を表示