The number of children and students who develop orthostatic intolerance after contracting Covid-19 is increasing. Schools are struggling to deal with this situation. Since deconditioning is thought to be the mechanism behind the onset of orthostatic intolerance after contracting Covid-19, it is thought that orthostatic training would be a desirable treatment option.

A questionnaire survey of school nurses revealed that there was a problem in which children and students with orthostatic control disorder were unable to sleep at night and wake up in the morning. The true cause of orthostatic dysregulation in sleep medicine is thought to be a state in which the body clock has moved significantly backwards and become fixed. Ramelteon has been used for treatment with Western medicine, but in recent years, melatonin and aripiprazole have been used. Administration of these Western medicines may be restricted due to medical insurance. The results of animal experiments suggest that the Chinese herbal medicine Yokukansanka Chenpihanxia may be effective on its own against circadian rhythm disorders by increasing endogenous melatonin levels.

Bipolar disorder is one of the significant mental illnesses, with patients repeatedly experiencing manic or hypomanic and depressive states. Although pharmacotherapy is the standard treatment, its continuation can be difficult due to side effects, and there are challenges in addressing numerous physical symptoms centered around autonomic nervous symptoms. In this context, acupuncture could potentially play a complementary role as a non-pharmacological treatment. This paper introduces clinical studies from both domestic and international sources on the clinical effects of acupuncture for bipolar disorder. Acupuncture has been suggested as an alternative treatment option for bipolar disorder patients who do not respond well to pharmacotherapy or for those who find it difficult to use medications due to side effects. It could offer a new choice in bipolar disorder treatment, potentially contributing to the improvement of patients' quality of life.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative movement disorder affecting the basal ganglia, while dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a disorder affecting both the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, being not rare in octogenarians (up to 8%). Non-motor features in PD/DLB, particularly autonomic including the bladder dysfunction, recently attract attention. Bladder dysfunction in PD/DLB reflects not only autonomic neural pathway but also emotional pathway. In this article, we reviewed bladder dysfunction in PD/DLB, bladder dysfunction in anxiety/ depression, and finally, bladder dysfunction in a combination of PD with depression. It is recommended to treat bladder dysfunction in PD/DLB with respect to the putative pathophysiology.