Culeolus uschakovi Redikorzev, 1941, formerly considered as conspecific with C. murrayi and C. suhmi, is redescribed as a valid species. Examination of the holotype (by monotypy), dredged from 3350 m depth in the Sea of Okhotsk, revealed the following significant morphological features: The proximal end of the stalk ran posteriad along the anterior part of the mid-ventral line of the body proper; a complete ring of conical projections, up to 1.5 mm high and 0.5 mm in basal diameter, widely encircled the atrial aperture obliquely from the middorsal to posteroventral margins of the body proper, being most crowded ventrally; similar conical projections were apparent on each side as a wide dense belt from around the branchial aperture ventrally to the proximal end of the stalk; two large elongated gonads, roughly 2- to 3-lobed, were present on each side, those on the left being relatively well separated from each other, the intervening space apparently having been occupied by the intestine, now completely detached from the mantle and deformed, but originally described as having a simple narrow U-shape. One of the left gonads was likely located within the intestinal loop.

One new and two rare crab species of the genus Pilumnus Leach, 1816 are reported from Takase submarine bank off the Izu Islands, south of Tokyo, Japan. The new species, P. okutanii, is characteristic in the glabrous carapace, with a vestigial third anterolateral tooth, and the heavily spinose chelipeds and ambulatory legs. The other two species, P. curvipenis Komai and Motoh, 2012 and P. orbitospinis Rathbun, 1911, are also newly recorded from Takase submarine bank. Pilumnus curvipenis is a small species having the heavily spinose chelipeds and ambulatory legs which are similar to those of the new species, but different from it in the carapace dorsal surface roughened with granules and the carapace anterolateral margin armed with three strong teeth. Pilumnus orbitospinis is readily distinguished from the other congeneric species by having a prominent spine at the inner angle of the infraorbital margin.

Ten species of three families, i.e. two species of the family Acidopsidae [New Japanese name (NJn): Tsubu-kebukagani-ka], one species of the family Aphanodactylidae [Japanese name (Jn): Koyubi-pinno-ka], and seven species of the family Pilumnidae [Jn: Kebukagani-ka], are recorded as new to the Ogasawara Islands. Of them, Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile, 1902) [NJn: Tsubu-kebukagani] and Raoulia fortis Ng and Rahayu, 2014 [NJn: Raouru-gani] (Acidopsidae), and Pilumnus tahitensis De Man, 1890 [NJn: Tahichi-kebukagani] (Pilumnidae) are new to Japanese waters. The genus Neoactumnus Sakai, 1964, was considered to be synonymous with the genus Actumnus Dana, 1851, and its type species, N. convexus Sakai, 1964, known from Japan was synonymized with A. simplex Rathbun, 1911, together with N. unispina Garth and Kim, 1983, from the Philippines.

Based on the examination of 117 specimens, 14 species of six genera of the family Xiphydriidae are recorded from Tochigi prefecture. Of these, four species, Euxiphydria leucopoda Takeuchi, 1938, Konowia kojimai Shinohara and Hara, 2021, Platyxiphydria miyakei Togashi, 1963, and Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi, 1936, are new to the fauna of Tochigi prefecture. The 14 species here treated account for 78% of the 18 xiphydriid species recorded in Honshu. Most of the species have been obtained from northwestern mountainous areas in the prefecture.

In the course of biological inventory by FRI, Myanmar and NMNS, Japan conducted in Taunggyi and Kalaw, Shan State, Central Myanmar in Jun. 2023, 31 pselaphine species from 130 specimens were recognized.

Dental anomalies in Talpidae have been well studied in Talpini and Scalopini moles. Dental anomalies in such moles are frequent as absent, extra, or connate teeth. However, dental anomalies are rarely reported in Urotrichini shrew-moles and are less frequent than in Talpini and Scalopini moles. In this study, dental anomalies were examined in 280 specimens of lesser Japanese shrew-mole Dymecodon pilirostris True, 1886 (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae, Urotrichini). Six (2.1%) specimens showed dental anomalies. Tooth absence was observed at I³ in one specimen, C¹ in three specimens, and C₁ in one specimen. An extra tooth was found posterior to the C₁ in one specimen. This is the first report of an extra tooth in this species. It was suggested that D. pilirostris exhibits a notably low frequency of dental anomalies, similar to Urotrichus talpoides, in contrast to the higher frequency observed in the Talpini and Scalopini moles. Furthermore, these results suggest that absent and extra teeth are prevalent among the canines and third incisors of Urotrichini shrew-moles.