For this study, we used a competition wheelchair that can drive straight ahead with one arm and a badminton competition wheelchair, taking surface electromyogram (sEMG) data during forward and backward driving: the primary movement of wheelchair badminton. Research participants in the experiment were ten healthy men (22.2±0.4 yr age; 173.7±1.4 cm height; 64.5±2.4 kg weight). The sEMG measurement locations were the flexor digitorum profundus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, and pectoralis major. Muscle activity was evaluated using integrated electromyograms (iEMGs) obtained from the collected sEMG data. The experimentally obtained results showed that straight-line driving by one-arm increased muscle activity in all muscle regions during both forward and backward motion. Non-parametric multiple comparisons by muscle site were found to have significant differences (p<0.05) in the flexor digitorum profundus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and pectoralis major muscles forward driving. During backward driving, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the flexor digitorum profundus, triceps brachii, and deltoid muscles. In conclusion, results show that the flexor digitorum profundus and triceps brachii play important role in the maintenance and repetition of propulsive force　during one-handed chairwork (wheelchair control techniques), which is unique to badminton.

In this study, we succeeded in compositing fabrics and lactate-responsive polymers with various patterns developed by the principal investigator with the hope of creating sportswear with a pattern that changes in accordance with the concentration of lactic acid in sweat. First of all, we composited the polymers with the fabrics by the following steps: impregnating a cotton cloth with a monomer solution and polymerizing it by UV irradiation through a photomask with a predetermined shape of light-transmitting area. Then, after coloring the obtained samples with an anionic dye and immersing it in a lactic acid solution, we observed the pattern on the cloth changing with desorption of the dye in response to lactic acid. Additionally, we examined the dependence of the response on the concentration of lactic acid and its change over time and it was found that the pattern changed from a "smiling face" to a "crying face" within 30 minutes within the concentration range of lactic acid present in sweat.

For individuals with lower limb amputation, participating in physical activities such as running is expected to positively impact their quality of life. However, individuals with lower limb amputation, especially unilateral transfemoral amputation, may be exposed to a higher risk for musculoskeletal injury during running. Although the loading rate is one of the indicators to estimate the risk of musculoskeletal injury, the loading rate in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation at various running speeds remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal injury across a range of running speeds in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation by using the loading rate. Fourteen individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation and 10 non-amputees ran on a split-belt force-instrumented treadmill at 4 running speeds （30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of each subject’s maximum speed）．Loading rates were calculated as the average and instantaneous slopes of the ground reaction force from touchdown to 50 ms. We found the loading rates in the unaffected limb were significantly greater than those in the affected and control limbs at all running speeds. In addition, the loading rates in the unaffected and affected limbs significantly increased with increasing running speed. The results of this study suggested that the risk for musculoskeletal injury during running in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation increased with increasing running speeds, especially in the unaffected limb.

This study aimed to noninvasively image blood flow in the active limb using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to measure blood flow recovery after maximal voluntary muscle contractions. Twenty healthy adult male subjects (21 ± 1 years of age) underwent arterial spin labeling (ASL) to map blood flow in the proximal right forearm. Subjects performed 2 minutes of maximum intensity handgrip exercise in the MRI gantry. MRI imaging was performed three times: baseline, immediately after exercise, and 20 minutes after exercise. The obtained images were divided into the whole forearm, wrist flexor and extensor muscle groups, and radial bone, respectively. The signal intensity of the ASL was determined in each area. The three-dimensional (x, y-t) data were analyzed by combining the two-dimensional blood flow map with the time. Compared to the baseline level, blood flow in the whole forearm, wrist flexor and extensor muscles increased 1.4±0.2, 2.7±1.0 and 2.1±0.6 times; however, radial bone blood flow decreased 13 % on average immediately after 2 minutes of maximum intensity grip exercis. The whole forearm, extensor and flexor muscle blood flow measured 20 min after handgrip exercise returned to the baseline level; however, radial bone blood flow was significantly higher than the baseline level. These results suggest heterogeneity in the recovery of blood flow after maximal-intensity handgrip exercise among different tissues.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body cooling with the fan cooling jacket on body temperature responses during recovery after exercise when exposed to high solar radiation in an outdoor hot environment. Nine healthy male subjects cycled using ergometer until their rectal temperature increased to 38.50°C in hot outdoor environments (31-35°C, 48-65% relative humidity, and 950-1150 W/m2 solar radiation), followed by body cooling recovery in warm indoor environments (28-31°C room temperature and 50-60% relative humidity). Subjects repeatedly performed the cycling exercise protocol, which consisted of one set of 5 min at a load of 1.5 watt/kg body weight and 15 min at a load of 2.0 watt/ kg body weight at 60 rpm. Body cooling recovery consisted of cold water ingestion (10°C: CON) or cold water ingestion + the use of the fan cooling jacket (FAN) in random order until the rectal temperature decreased to 37.75°C. The time for the rectal temperature to reach 38.5°C did not differ between the two trials. The rate of decrease in rectal temperature at recovery tended to be higher in FAN trial than in CON trial (P = 0.082). The rate of decrease in ear canal temperature was higher in FAN trials than in CON trials (P = 0.002). The rate of decrease in mean skin temperature at the first 20 min of recovery was higher in FAN than in CON trial (P = 0.013). Body cooling recovery with the fan cooling jacket in addition to cold water ingestion may be effective in reducing elevated ear canal and skin temperatures during exercise in the heat under a clear sky, but may be difficult to decrease rectal temperature.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of environmental thermal stimuli on clothing discomfort sensation under different environmental temperature and humidity conditions by investigating changes in physiological and psychological states and fabric conditions when the fabrics get wet and sticks to the human skin. To achieve this purpose, a wearing experiment conducted to investigate the physiological and psychological state of participants after perspiration by exercising for 20 minutes in five environments with different environmental temperatures and humidity levels. Additionally, measurements of fabrics were also conducted to investigate the state of the fabrics in the same environments. The results revealed the following: (1) In a low-humidity environment, the discomfort sensation caused by the cold and wet sensation was observed due to the thermal transfer rate from the fabric was fast; (2) In the thermo-neutral environment, it took longer for the wet fabric to slide, and the sliding resistance of fabric was greater. The physical phenomena of the fabric and the weak thermal stimulation by the environment caused discomfort sensation related to the mechanical elements on skin contact; (3) In the high temperature and humidity environment, the discomfort sensation was expressed by the sensations of stuffiness and stickiness due to the high humidity within the cloths. These results concluded the need to consider the effects of environmental stimuli when examining the clothing discomfort sensation associated with wet and sticky clothing.

Current clinical treatments for depressive disorders are insufficient such that a substantial proportion of patients do not respond despite various treatment endeavors and the improvement in functional impairments in essential skills for everyday and social life is inadequate. Consequently, the development of add-on therapies is an important clinical challenge. The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of an exercise program designed based on the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPX) with exercise frequencies and intensities lower than those employed in previous studies. Subjects were eight depressed patients with chronic or recurrent episodes of depression or persistent depressive disorder. It was found that after eight weeks of exercise, subjects’ depressive symptoms were significantly reduced to a level close to remission. Their anxiety symptoms and social functioning were also significantly improved. Although the sample size was relatively small, our results suggest that even a brief, low load exercise program may exert therapeutic effects for depression. If these results can be replicated with large-scale clinical trials, exercise may be a promising add-on treatment strategy for depression.

In sports, dealing with the pressure of competition determines winning or losing. Interacting with others while competing affects one's athletic performance, but the associated physiological mechanisms are unclear. This study included 14 healthy adult male participants. We developed a competition that included interacting with other competitors and was simulated using virtual reality (VR). The pedal speed, cardiovascular responses (blood pressure and heart rate), and respiratory responses were recorded during cycling exercise tasks at a constant speed (60 rpm). We observed a significant decrease in cadence (non-competitive = 59.0 ± 4.2 rpm versus competitive = 56.5 ± 6.0 rpm, p = 0.0067) and significant increase in heart rates (non-competitive = 82.5 ± 9.0 bpm versus competitive = 84.1 ± 9.9 bpm, p = 0.04) during the competitive condition (passing/being passed by a competitor) compared to the non-competitive condition (cycling exercise with no competitors). Participants were classified into two groups: those whose cadence was relatively decreased in competitive conditions (performance-decreased group) and those whose cadence was not (performance-maintained group). Intriguingly, the cross-correlation coefficient between interacting with others and the respiratory variability was significantly higher in the performance-maintained group (r = 0.44 ± 0.12, p = 0.01) that sustained cadence during the competitive condition compared to the performance-decreased group (r = 0.36 ± 0.03). These results suggest that exercise performance is affected by competitors but regulating respiratory movements may prevent the performance decline.

This study aimed to determine the effects of sitting breaks with walking and slow-speed jogging on postprandial glycaemia and lipid responses in healthy young adults. Fourteen adults, aged 22±2 yrs, randomly completed three different 180-min trials after consuming standardised test meals. These trials were as follows: 1) uninterrupted sitting on an office chair (control), 2) sitting with 3-min bouts of walking every 30 min and 3) sitting with 3-min bouts of slow-speed jogging every 30 min. Walking and jogging speeds were fixed at 6.0 km/h with a pacesetter. Venous blood samples and blood glucose concentrations using a continuous subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose monitoring system were obtained. Incremental areas under the curves (iAUC) for the blood sample responses were calculated. Both the glucose iAUC and insulin iAUC over 180 min were significantly lower during the walking and jogging trials than during uninterrupted sitting. The insulin reduction ratio during the jogging trial had significant correlations with the maximal oxygen consumption per body weight compared with the control trial. However, there was no significant effect of sitting breaks on postprandial triglyceride response. Our results indicated that breaking up prolonged sitting with 3 min of walking or slow-speed jogging every 30 min improved postprandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses compared with uninterrupted sitting in healthy young adults. The effect of jogging breaks on suppressing insulin secretion may be more effective in individuals with lower aerobic fitness levels.

Three-dimensional visualization of joint motion is an extremely significant attempt to provide important information for understanding pathological conditions and deciding on treatment plans. Especially in the shoulder joint, the support mechanism of the joint by soft tissues such as tendons and ligaments, as well as hard tissues such as bones, is important. The purpose of this study was to develop a system to analyze the contact area of the shoulder joint under physiological conditions using 4D-CT, which has been difficult to understand the pathophysiology of shoulder joint diseases in vivo. Since these analysis methods can be widely applied to the analysis of joint motion throughout the body, they are expected to be highly practical not only for upper limb diseases, but also for lower limb and spinal diseases. The results are expected to be reported at international conferences and submitted to international journals in the future.

The aim of this study is to compare motor unit discharge properties after exercise between concentric and eccentric contraction. Eighteen young healthy men performed repetitive concentric or eccentric isokinetic knee extension until they exerted less than 80% of the baseline strength. High-density surface electromyography was recorded during ramp-up isometric contraction to 50% of baseline strength and individual motor units were identified before and after the exercise. Motor units were tracked before and after the exercise. Muscle cross-sectional area evaluated by ultrasound and electrically evoked torque were measured. Sixty-four and fifty-three motor units were analyzed in concentric and eccentric conditions, respectively. Motor units recruited with moderate to high recruitments thresholds significantly decreased recruitment thresholds under both conditions. Motor unit discharge rate significantly increased after concentric contraction compared to eccentric contraction. A significant greater increase in muscle cross sectional area was noted under concentric condition. The evoked torque was significantly decreased under both conditions, but no difference between the conditions. These findings suggested that concentric contraction to failure contributes to greater neural input to muscle and metabolic responses than eccentric contraction.

In the present study, we investigated the role of p62 in exercise-induced adaptation in muscle of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mice, a widely used animal model for polymyositis. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with myosin to induce EAM and subjected to voluntary running exercise for 4 weeks. Voluntary running exercise increased the levels of phospho-p62 and improved endurance performance but not muscle mass and strength in EAM mice. Moreover, EAM was induced in muscle-specific p62 knockout and wild-type littermates mice. The induction of EAM resulted in significant decreases in muscle mass, strength, and endurance performance in wild-type and p62 knockout mice, without any difference between genotypes. These results suggest that voluntary running exercise improves endurance performance in EAM mice independent of p62 function.

Effects of icing treatment following skeletal muscle injury on mitochondrial biogenesis, pain marker, and fibrosis were investigated in male Wistar rats. We also examined the countermeasure for offsetting the negative impact of icing treatment. At 28 days after muscle injury, fibrotic area was increased and protein level of Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 was decreased when an icing treatment (ice pack, 0℃ for 20 min) was applied immediately following the injury. The icing treatment reduced mRNA expression levels of pain markers (bradykinin B2 receptor and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1) at 1 day after the injury. On the other hand, the icing-related promotion of fibrosis was significantly attenuated when intermittent heat stress was combined, especially from 1-day after the injury (42℃ for 30 min on every other day until 14 days after the injury). Therefore, these results suggest that an icing treatment immediately after skeletal muscle injury attenuates muscle pain at early phase following the injury but impairs both muscle qualitative and mitochondrial recoveries during the regeneration. Our findings also indicate that the negative impact of icing treatment on fibrosis could be rescued when hyperthermia is combined within 1-day after the injury.

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether environmental enrichment (EE) that enables facilitation of wheel running activity and locomotor activity (LA) increase skeletal muscle mass and mitigate anxiety-like behaviors. The present EE consisted of a running wheel, a slope, a tunnel, and a hut. Wistar rats were divided into four different housing groups (standard environment: SE; only running wheel group: EEW; EE without running wheel group: EENW; and EE, n=7-12, each). The LA of each rat was continuously recorded using a three-axis accelerometer that was implanted subcutaneously at the back of the rat. After exposure to each housing environment for 30 days, the animal was transferred to the an elevated plus maze to evaluate the anxiety level. All experimental data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. A two-way ANOVA found the statistically significant main effect of group (P = 0.001). The post-hoc analysis showed that locomotor activity of the EE group was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.001). Anxiety-like behavior was reduced in the EEW and the EENW groups. Soleus muscle were greater in the EE, EEW, EENW groups compared with the SE group. Hence, the present study suggested that both wheel running activity and LA in the absence of wheel running reduce anxiety-like behavior, but LA in the SE does not despite the same amount of LA.

The redundancy in human body is believed to make motor control more complex. However, given the inherent noise in the human control system, the redundancy may allow strategies to reduce the effects of noise during a several goal-directed motor task, making motor execution rather easy. Here I show a case in which experimental reduction of degrees of freedom delays motor learning compared to the normal condition in a non-dominant arm dart throwing task. A total of 21 adult male and female participants were randomly allocated to a shoulder-joint restrained group and a control group and asked to perform 20 throws x 10 sets of a non-dominant arm dart task. The dart landing point and upper-limb kinematics were measured using a 3D motion-capture system. The shortening of the distance between the landing point and target in the control group reached a plateau at approximately the third set, whereas this shortening was delayed in the restrained group: at the third set, the distance between the landing point and target was significantly longer in the restrained group (0.135±0.026 m) than in the control group (0.099±0.018 m). These results suggest that practice methods in which each motor segmented structure (i.e., part–method of learning) is mastered separately can rather delay the learning of goal-directed motor tasks.

Background: Sports-related trauma is an important epidemiological problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate epidemiological characteristics, and to explore prognostic factors in sports-related trauma in Japan. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). We included sports-related trauma admitted between 2004 and 2018. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors associated with in-hospital mortality and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated. Results: We identified 5,828 eligible patients, 2,429 were children and 3,399 were adults. The median age was 21 years, and 83.8% were male. The most common season for children was April-June (30.6%), and the most common season for adults was January-March (37.5%). In-hospital mortality was 1.2%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male, head/neck injury, and thoracic injury were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (aOR 4.11［95% CI 1.49-17.02］，P=0.018; aOR 18.00［95% CI 10.06-33.92］，P<0.001; aOR 4.18［95% CI 2.27-7.50］，P<0.001). Conclusion: In sports-related trauma in JTDB, male, head/neck injury, and thoracic injury were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.

Exercise elicits quantitative and functional adaptations of white adipose tissue (WAT); however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. AMP kinase (AMPK) in the skeletal muscle may contribute to the adaptations of WAT via enhanced fat oxidation and myokine expression. Therefore, we investigated whether AMPK in the skeletal muscle is involved in exercise-induced quantitative and functional adaptations of WAT. For skeletal muscle-specific inhibition of AMPK activity, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the dominant-negative mutant of AMPKα1 in the skeletal muscle (AMPK-DN mice). Both AMPK-DN and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly divided into two groups: wheel running groups or sedentary groups. After the four-week intervention, the body weight was measured, and the epididymal WAT was excised. The protein expression of lipolysis-related molecules, triacylglycerol synthesis-related molecules, and a mitochondrial marker were measured by western blotting. AMPK-DN mice demonstrated exercise-induced decrement of epididymal WAT weight. Furthermore, although WT mice showed an increase in the protein expression of lipolysis-related molecule perilipin 1, this increase was diminished in AMPK-DN mice. On the other hand, no significant differences between genotypes were observed in the exercise-induced response of triacylglycerol synthesis-related molecules (fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1) and a mitochondrial marker (voltage-dependent anion channel). In conclusion, these results suggest that AMPK in the skeletal muscle contributes to exercise-induced quantitative and functional adaptations of WAT.

Quantification of scapular motion in patients with shoulder disorders is important, but there are no existing tools that allow simple quantification in clinical setting. Recently, depth sensors have attracted much attention in terms of accuracy and price. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the reliability of scapula angle measurement using depth sensors as a preliminary study to quantify scapula motion using depth sensors. The angles of superior and inferior rotation, internal and external rotation, and anterior and posterior tilt between two trials were calculated from point cloud using depth sensor data, and the intraclass correlation coefficients and the standard error(SEM) were examined in healthy adult male subjects. The results showed that the correlation coefficients were good for both anterior elevation and scapular plane elevation. The SEM was less than 10 degrees for both tasks except for superior and inferior rotation. Based on the results of this study, quantification of scapular motion using the depth sensor was considered to be good from the standpoint of reliability, but improvement of accuracy and examination of validity need to be examined.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) training is widely used as a training method for athletes, older adults, and people with central nervous system injuries. Although it has been shown that WBV can strongly suppress H-reflex excitability of the soleus muscle, the effects on other muscles remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of WBV on the spinal reflex circuits of the flexor and extensor muscles of the thigh and lower leg muscles. Seven healthy adult male individuals participated in this study and underwent assessments before, during and after WBV and a control condition that included standing only. Surface electromyography signals were recorded unilaterally in the right leg during the experiments. In the WBV condition, the intervention was applied for 1 minute and in the control condition participants stood still for 1 minute. Posterior root muscle (PRM) reflexes were measured in four lower extremity muscles, including the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF) before, during, and after the interventions. Our results showed that the peak-to-peak amplitudes of PRM-reflexes of the TA, SOL, and BF muscles decreased significantly during the WBV intervention, compared to before the intervention. However, no effect was observed in the control condition. These results indicate that WBV has widespread inhibitory effects on reflex circuits in muscles other than the SOL, but this effect is not sustained following a short duration intervention. Overall, our results suggest that WBV can be used effectively to temporarily decrease spasticity in neurological disorder population.

The purpose of this study was to clarify effect of uphill sprinting to running spatiotemporal variables and lower limb muscle activity. Twelve university sprinters (seven males) were volunteered to this study. Subjects performed 60 m sprint with maximal effort in two conditions (level sprint vs uphill sprint). Then, we obtained running spatiotemporal variables and electromyography (EMG) from lower limb muscles (biceps femoris, rectus femoris, tibial anterior, lateral head of gastrocnemius). We calculated the running spatiotemporal variables (e.g., running speed, step frequency, step length), EMG activity amplitudes (%MVC), and relative EMG timings in running cycle (%) in analysis section (40-60m). We observed running speed, step frequency, and step length were significantly decreased in the uphill sprint. However, no significant differences were observed in EMG activity amplitudes between two conditions. On the other hand, the onset and offset timings of rectus femoris muscle were significantly shifted to the latter half of the running cycle in the uphill sprint. Therefore, we may consider the possibility that delay in the timing of the recovery movement (i.e., hip flexion) of the swing leg in the uphill sprint. These results suggest that uphill sprint training may affect the timing of muscle activity rather than the amount of muscle activity. We conclude that neuromuscular control of the lower limb muscle is different between uphill sprint and level sprint.

In order to changes in the foot medial longitudinal arch and to quantify the plantar load distribution during running. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in the foot medial longitudinal arch and the plantar load distribution during running. Plantar pressure measurement plate（Novel GmbH®, 100Hz）, motion capture system（Oxford, 100Hz） and Force plate（Kistler, 1KHz）were synchronized. Plantar load distribution was divided into five sub-area based on anatomical measurement points. Medial longitudinal arch angle was calculated as the angle between the distal first metatarsal, navicular tuberosity and calcaneus, and first metatarsophalangeal joint angle as the angle between the hallux, distal and proximal first metatarsal. The plantar load was observed to shift to the forefoot during push off, and the medial longitudinal arch angle showed the largest change. Thereafter, the anterior ground reaction force tended to increase with dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Medial longitudinal arch is a flexible structure that absorbs plantar load during foot contact, and it is assumed to dorsiflexion the first metatarsophalangeal joints during push off to increase foot stiffness and generate forward propulsion from forefoot. was assumed that the dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint during push off contributed to the increase in foot stiffness to support forward propulsion from the forefoot.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on physiological responses during exercise and running performance. Nine healthy men performed a graded load treadmill running test until exhaustion while wearing a cloth face mask (FM) and without a mask (CON). Minute ventilation and oxygen uptake were measured using a mass spectrometry metabolic analyzer, and mouth pressure (Pm) was measured and calculated as an integral Pm to assess respiratory muscle effort. Maximal minute ventilation was significantly lower in the FM condition than in the CON condition (p<0.05), while an integral Pm was significantly higher in the FM condition than in the CON condition (p<0.05), and Time to exhaustion tended to be lower in the FM condition (p=0.07). However, VO_2max was not significantly different between conditions. Our results suggest that in healthy young men, wearing a cloth facemask did not affect aerobic capacity even though impairing pulmonary hyperventilation.

This study was investigated the effects of vegetable-based versus animal-based dietary intake before exercise on arterial stiffness and aerobic exercise performance. Eleven healthy young adults performed a vegetable-based or animal-based dietary trial on separate days in a randomized crossover trial. We matched the protein, fat, and carbohydrate (PFC) balance of vegetable and animal-based diets. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and 120 min after the meal on the both vegetable-based or animal-based dietary trial. After the all measurement, aerobic performance was assessed using a graded power test. The cfPWV in the vegetable-based diet significantly decreased after the meal (p < 0.05). However, The cfPWV in the animal-based diet did not differ before and after meal. Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ before and after meal in the both trials. Maximal oxygen uptake was higher in the vegetable-based diet trial than in the animal-based diet trial (P<0.05). These results indicate that pre-exercise vegetable-based dietary intake may reduce arterial stiffness, and may improve aerobic exercise performance.

Increasing the rate of sports participation in the population is an issue that many countries are tackling. In Japan, the sports participation rate among adults is less than 30%, especially among those in their 20s and 30s, which is the lowest compared with other age groups, and there is an "indifferent" group to exercise and sports.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of the younger generation toward exercise and sports, and to examine the motivational factors necessary for the indifferent to exercise and continue to do so. Male and female university students were guided through a new sports content (SPOREV.) that combined digital technology, art, and music on campus, and their attitudes toward exercise and sports were confirmed through a questionnaire survey before and after the experience.

As a result, most of the participants answered that they had a certain exercise habit and confidence in their physical fitness in the past and at present. On the other hand, some students in the indifferent group who had no exercise habit and had no intention to exercise in the future also participated in SPOREV. because "it looked interesting" or "I was invited by a friend," and their motivation to exercise tended to increase after the experience. In the future, we will further examine the motivation and reward system to make the indifferent group want to engage in exercise.