Diatom

Diatom Assemblage occurred as an Environmental Frontier Community in a Spa (pH 10.1) which is the most Alkaline Hot Spring in Japan

Toshiharu Watanabe, Kazumi Asai

1995 Volume 10 Pages 1-7
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_1

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The diatom assemblage in an alkaline hot spring which is the most alkaline spring in Japan with 10.1 in pH value was investigated. A total of 20 taxa belonging to 9 genera were recorded.
Am ong them, we paid an attention to the occurrence of unexpected two taxa e. g. Tabellaria flocculosa and Achnanthes minutissima var. minutissima. The former has been regarded as an acidophilous taxon by many investigators and the latter has occurred abundantly not also in various water environments with pH value above 5, but also in waters affected by the mining effluent.
We would like to call such the taxon as above mentioned and the community which occurred near the ends of environmental gradient as “environmental frontier species” and “environmental frontier community” respectively.

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Pinnularia acoricola Hustedt var. acoricolaas an Environmental Frontier Species occurred in Inorganic Acid Waters with 1.1-2.0 in pH Value

Toshiharu Watanabe, Kazurni Asai

1995 Volume 10 Pages 9-11
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_9

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Pinnularia acoricola Hustedt was found in Java by F. Hustedt (1934). After that, this taxon has been widely recorded from Africa by some researchers. In our research, this taxon occurred abundantly in 33 sites having extremely acid water environment with 1.1-3.9 in pH value. Especially in 9 sites of which pH values were below 2.0, rela tive abundance of this taxon in each diatom assemblage reached over 90 percent.
From above mentioned facts, it seems to suggest that this taxo n has a special characteristic being able to extremely increase and form a community balanced with extremely severe environment.
The authors wish to propose to call “environmental frontier species” and “environmental frontier community” for such the species and community survived on near the ends of environmental gradient.

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Statistic Classification of Epilithic Diatom Species into Three Ecological Groups relating to Organic Water Pollution.

(1) Method with Coexistence Index

Kazumi Asai

1995 Volume 10 Pages 13-34
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_13

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Tolerance indices to organic water pollution of 709 epilithic diatom species which were obtained from 1240 attached diatom assemblages were calculated by using two typical species. Nitzschia palea and Achnanthes japonica were selected as tolerant and intolerant typical species to organic water pollution, respectively. These two species were used for setting a hypothetical axis of organic water pollution in numerical calculation of tolerance indices of each diatom species.
Coexistence indices of epilithic diatom species pair also were calculated statistically. Two distinct boundaries were successfully recognized within the order of tolerance indices by comparing and examining the coexistence indices. Therefore, epilithic diatom species were classified objectively and nationally into three ecological groups (saprophilous, indifferent and saproxenous species) by setting up two boundaries.
Both saprophilous and saproxenous species were decided now and were increased in number than previous report (Watanabe et al.1990). Based on the objective and statistic classification executed in this study, DAIpo (Diatom Assemblage Index to organic water pollution), whose value was numerically estimated by using relative abundance of each ecological group, is considered to became more reliable for water quality assessment.

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Statistic Classification of Epilithic Diatom Species into Three Ecological Groups relating to Organic Water Pollution

(2) Saprophilous and saproxenous taxa

Kazumi Asai, Toshiharu Watanabe

1995 Volume 10 Pages 35-47
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_35

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Species components of 1240 epilithic diatom assemblages were used for statistical studies on organic water pollution. The coexistence index of each pair of epilithic diatom species based on the order of tolerance index to organic water pollution was examined and compared (Asai 1995). As a result of the study,709 epilithic diatom species were classified into three ecological groups (saprophilous species, indifferent species and saproxenous species) by the new method which was more reasonable from ecological viewpoint comparing with the old method (Watanabe et at.1986). In this paper, we show all taxa with synonyms belonging to saprophilous and saproxenous species groups. The number of species belonging to the two groups increased and their ecological groups in some species changed. Almost all diatom taxa belonging to the two groups were cosmopolitans in the world. The diatom assemblage index to organic water pollution (DAIpo) can also be estimated more reasonably by using relative abundances of both saprophilous and saproxenous taxa which were listed in this paper, in each sample.

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Diatoms of the Rivers Pergau, Renyok, Ayer Lanas, Lata Rek and Jeram Lenang, Kelantan, Malaysia

Aishah Salleh, Nooraini Abdul Rahim

1995 Volume 10 Pages 49-55
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_49

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Diatom populations from the Rivers Pergau, Renyok, Ayer Lanas, Lata Rek and Jeram Lenang, Kelantan, Malaysia were investigated from 3rd-5th May,1993. The 39 taxa from 13 genera were recorded. Fragilaria vaucheriae,Fragilaria pinnata var. intercedens and Cymbella tumida were major diatoms in the rivers. The following three taxa are new record for Malaysia: Navicula muncki, Navicula terminata and Neidium gracile.

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A Naviculoid Raphe-system of some lanceolate Diatoms compricated with Accessory Components

Seiichi Komura

1995 Volume 10 Pages 57-71
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_57

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SEM observations are reported on a naviculoid raphe-system intricate with several accessory components: shark fin-like vanes here termed dorsicentral and subcaudal fins, dorsal ridges of keel, a longitudinal groove. between the ridges and helictosiphons at poles in addition to the ordinary raphe on highly vaulted valves. Four new species are described under Dichotropiscus, a new genus, characterized by sharing this system. They are D. fimbriatus, D. bicostatus, D. brevilanceolatus and D. staurophorus. Morphological details and functional accounts are given in relation to the fins.

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Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata (Takano) Takano, A New Combination for the pennate Diatom Nitzschia multistriata Takano

Hideaki Takano

1995 Volume 10 Pages 73-74
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_73

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The pennate diatom Nitzschia multistriata Takano 1993 has so far been found in eutrophic bays of southern Japan during warm seasons. As this diatom is not carrying its central nodule on the pseudoraphe, it is clearly different from many other Nitzschia species which are customary carrying its central nodule. Therefore, some researchers are recently going to establish a new group as the new Genus ‘Pseudo-nitzschia’. With this change of the generic name, the new name Pseudo nitzschia multistriata (Takano) Takano is proposed for its further utilization. The hyphen which is placed between ‘Pseudo’ and ‘nitzschia’ is absolutely necessary, because The name of a genus may not consist of two words, unless these are joined by a hyphen (ICBN, Tokyo Code,20.3. ).

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Diatoms from the Onogami Formation, an Early Pleistocene Lacustrine Deposit, Central Japan

Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hiromu Kobayasi

1995 Volume 10 Pages 75-86
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_75

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The Onogami Formation, an early Pleistocene lacustrine deposit, is located 120 km northwest of Tokyo. Samples were collected from the type locality of the Onogami Formation. The diatom assemblages are composed of 26 species belonging to 18 genera. The diatoms of this formation are characterized by Cyclotella radiosa (Grun. ) Lemm., C. reczickiae Churs. et Log., Stephanodiscus alpinus Hust., S. sp., Aulacoseira ambigua (Grun. ) Sim., Ellerbeckia arenaria (Ralfs) Crawford var. teres (Brun. ) Crawford.

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Simple and safe cleaning methods for diatom samples

Tamotsu Nagumo

1995 Volume 10 Pages 88
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_88

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Size reduction of Amphora veneta Kützing in a small fish tank

Hiromu Kobayasi

1995 Volume 10 Pages 89
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_89

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Size reduction of Martyana martyi (Hérib. ) Round in Akan-ko (Akan Lake)

Ayako Kawashima, Hiromu Kobayasi

1995 Volume 10 Pages 90
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_90

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Diatoms from inorganic acid streams, Kogane-zaw(aK ogane Stream) and Ishido-zawa(Ishido Stream), Nagano Prefecture

Seiji Kitazawa

1995 Volume 10 Pages 91
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_91

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Size reduction of Eunotia arcus Ehr. var. arcus from Suge-numa( Suge Lake)

Shigeki Mayama

1995 Volume 10 Pages 92
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_92

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Size reduction of Eunotia tropica Hust. in a culture

Shigeki Mayama

1995 Volume 10 Pages 93
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_93

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[title in Japanese]

Tamotsu Nagumo

1995 Volume 10 Pages 95-99
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_95

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[title in Japanese]

1995 Volume 10 Pages 100-109
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_100

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[title in Japanese]

1995 Volume 10 Pages 112-119
Published: January 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2012

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11464/diatom1985.10.0_112

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