Seedling of Mucuna （Leguminosae） from sea-borne seeds were found on the coast of western Kyushu, Japan. To identify the species name of their seedlings, leaf characters of three Mucuna species, M.gigantea, M.sloaneiand M.macrocarpa, were studied by observation on plants grown using the seeds collected. Seeds of these species were known to be drifted ashore on the coast of Japanese mainland. The leaves of these species were found to be distinguishable from each other in terminal leaflet, lateral vein, hair on leaf and stipel. Six seedlings of Mucuna from seaborne seeds were found on the beach in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Kyushu from 2008 to 2018. Of these, 5 were found to be M.gigantea and 1 was M.sloanei.

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Marine litter is flowed out from the land area through the river and into the sea. Several survey methods for scattered litter along the coasts and rivers have been created, however these were not effective and efficient survey methods for land based roads cattered litter. In May 2019, we attempted a quantity survey that applied a visual survey method at 43.9 km around Osaka Nanko Port and on 18.9 km around the Osaka city hall. The amount of litter scattered on the roads in both areas was 462 bags and 1bag （20Lbag）. The most scattered area was harbor warehouse area in Osaka Nanko Port with a density of 0.24 bags/10m. A survey of cigarette butts scattering was also attempted on roads in both regions. At the results, 1,795 and 1,183 cigarette butts were scattered in each regions. The largest scattering area of cigarette butts was the main road of Osaka Nanko Port, with a density of 1.10pieces/10m.

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In the fall of 2018, a lot of violet shells stranded on the coasts of the Japan Sea side of western Hokkaido, Japan. Janthina umbilicata discovered in Haboro is considered the nothernmost record.

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A death assemblage of molluscs that had washed up on Rosebud Beach in Victoria, Australia was sampled by beach combing the strandline in August 1982. A total of ten species belonging to bivalves were identified. Faunal analysis revealed that 60% of the specimens were sandy species, and the remaining 40% were rocky species. From the viewpoint of habitat preference, sheltered shore species were dominant, suggesting that the observed species composition represented fauna typical of an embayment environment. Long-term surveys of species diversity and species composition in marine environments is very important to evaluate environmental changes such as global warming and marine pollution.

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