This article aims to reveal the role of individual entrepreneurial orientation （risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness） in international strategic alliances and to clarify the relationship between the character of the individual entrepreneurial orientation and the entrepreneur’s experience from a micro-level perspective. First, this article reviews previous research on strategic alliances and entrepreneurial orientation and then proposes the questions. After that, this article analyses action and decision-making of Jin-Tin Pan （Chairman of Taiwan FamilyMart） from 1988 to 1994 to explain how individual entrepreneurial orientation fostered the employee’s learning and created the strategic alliance’s success. Furthermore, this article discusses the background and career of Jin-Tin Pan to find what experiences relate to the individual entrepreneurial orientation before 1988. The results are as follows. First, this article found evidences about the characteristics （risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness） of individual entrepreneurial orientation（Bolton et al., 2012）. For risk-taking, Jin-Tin Pan decided to introduce the electronic system into the convenience store and build a distribution center for Taiwan FamilyMart. For proactiveness, Jin-Tin Pan provided Japanese-style service for local customers compared to competitors. For innovativeness, Jin-Tin Pan established the organizational learning system to facilitate knowledge-sharing among middle managers and store staff to create new ideas. For, philosophy of evangelist and translation of business model （Itami et al., 2017）, Jin-Tin Pan helped local employee to understand the Japanese business culture and arranged the knowledge from Japan to fit local situation. Second, this article confirmed that the experiences at Central Police University （Taiwan）, the University of Tsukuba, and Chinese Automobile Co., Ltd raised Jin-Tin Pan’s entrepreneurial orientation. Finally, this article explains the relationship between manager and employee in the field of individual entrepreneurial orientation in international strategic alliances.

While ADHD dispositions or symptoms have common tendency toward entrepreneurial behavior, they can also be a major barrier. However, the intervention of certain social involvement and coping will leverage the asset of disinhibition of ADHD and increase the likelihood of leading the emancipation and well-being through entrepreneurial behavior. Attention to ADHD entrepreneurs from emancipatory entrepreneuring （EE） perspective re-evaluates the previous conversation of the dispositional view of “who is an entrepreneur” and contributes to the elucidation of the entrepreneurial behavior process and the advancement of the research field.

The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of values of family of origin on children’s decisions to start new firms. In this study, we empirically examine this question by using data from the Panel Study Family Dynamics （PSFD）, a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of Taiwan’s households. In previous studies, while the importance of family values has been highlighted by some researchers, it has rarely been examined by systematic empirical analysis. In the analysis of this study, we constructed a set of panel-data for the period from 2005 to 2012. The results of FGLS random effect model analysis suggest that the people originated from the families that emphasize partnership among family members are more likely to start new firms. The emphasis on normative ties among family members is more likely to reduce the probabilities of starting new firms, although this result is not stable across different econometric specifications. The results of this study suggest strong evidence that family values have significant influences over careers of children as they decide whether to start new firms. While little has been known about the roles of values of family of origin, the results of this study offer a compelling support for the significant roles of family values.

An entrepreneur’s technological development will contribute to economic growth. There are two trends in historical studies on technique development in Japan: co-development with industry and government, represented by Sawai （2011）, and technological development by an individual, represented by Kiyokawa （1995） and Kan （2003）. This study examines the development trajectory that yielded Matsuda Ichiro’s （1894─1966） new shoemaking techniques to manufacture rubber-soled canvas and leather shoes. His method entails compressing vulcanized rubber into canvas or leather using heat. Matsuda recognized the entrepreneurial opportunity in manufacturing durable rubber-soled canvas shoes through his experience in manufacturing low-quality shoes using the Allianz machine. After recognizing the disadvantages of using adhesives to hold shoes together, Matsuda discovered direct vulcanization, which he assumed would enable the production of durable rubber-soled canvas shoes. Although that assumption was incorrect, this false belief led to the successful development of new production techniques. Furthermore, the simple realization that bamboo has stout roots, a detail that Matsuda stumbled upon by chance, was also a contributing factor. The wartime regulations that were established in 1937 forced shoemakers to restructure their businesses. Matsuda engaged in developing rubber-soled leather shoes, applying his technique for manufacturing rubber-soled canvas shoes that he refined with experience. Therefore, Matsuda’s technological development of rubber-soled leather shoes was stimulated by wartime regulations. The history of entrepreneurship will be apparent through the examination of various factors such as society, the economy, experiences of individuals and historical contexts.