In Japan, approximately 16 million people have osteoporosis, of which approximately 80% are women. Estrogen has a calcium diffusion preventative effect on the bone. Moreover, vitamins, minerals, and proteins influence bone metabolism similarly to hormones. It has been reported that Ca increases the bone strength. However, other minerals have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we used a calciprivia mouse that was subjected to ovariectomy for a laboratory animal and evaluated bone histopathological changes, bone metabolism markers, and bone mineral concentration after administration of Cu-, Zn-, or Mg-containing water. The administration of Mg and Zn after ovariectomy inhibited the development of osteoporosis by restoring bone trabeculae, reducing fat cells in the bone marrow, and normalizing bone metabolism. In contrast, Cu administration may not inhibit the development of osteoporosis owing to increased fat cell area and bone resorption markers, despite restoring bone trabeculae.

The study examines a fermented plant food called Izu Enzyme influences the gut microbiome and general gut health in rats. Over a span of three weeks, the rats were separated into three groups. One group received 4% fermented food, another group received an equal amount of fermented food enriched with lactic acid bacteria, while The control group were fed a standard diet without a fermented food at all. The presence of Izu enzyme in the diet led to a decrease in fecal pH, along with a reduction in the production of indole and skatole, which are odor-causing components of feces. Additionally, there was an increase in the production of propionic acid, which are short-chain fatty acids known for their beneficial effects on gut health. Moreover, the analysis of the intestinal microbiota indicated a notable increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Blautia. In summary, the findings indicate that Izu enzymes could potentially enhance the gut environment.