Fisheries science
Print ISSN : 0919-9268
Volume 66, Issue 6
Displaying 1-31 of 31 articles from this issue
  • YONG CHEN, HISAYUKI ARAKAWA, JUNKO OHTA, TSUTOMU MORINAGA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1001-1005
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of nutrient salts eluted from artificial algal reef blocks made with sea-bottom sediment (hedoro) and cement to the growth and survival rate of the gametophytes and juveniles of Eisenia bicyclis were investigated. When each sample block was submerged in filtered seawater for 28 days, the nutrient salt content from the hedoro increased with time and, in particular, the amounts of NO3-N and NO2-N reached a constant level on day 10. We observed that the lower the cement ratio, the higher the concentrations of eluted NH4+-N and PO43−-P. The growth of gametophytes as well as juveniles was highest in the elution of the block with the lowest cement ratio of 30%. In contrast, the survival rate of gametophytes and juveniles decreased linearly with time and the survival rate was higher for the hedoro blocks than for the block made of mortar.
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  • TOMOKO SAKAMI
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1006-1013
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of temperature, irradiation, salinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration on two cultured strains of zooxanthellae isolated from the corals Pocillopora damicornis (strain P) and Montipora verrucosa (strain M) were studied. Each strain showed different growth responses in terms of temperature and light intensity. A maximum growth rate of strain P, 1.2 per day, was observed at 32°C under all light intensities examined (5-40 μEm-2s-1). However, its photosystem 2 activity (FRI) was higher at 28°C than at 32°C under most light intensities. In contrast, the growth rate of strain M was affected more by light intensity and was almost invariably affected at all temperatures examined (24-36°C). Both algal strains had a comparable growth rate and FRI at salinities from 20 to 35 PSU under moderate temperature and irradiant conditions. High temperature and low irradiation reduced the algal tolerance against low salinity. The gross photosynthesis per cell was not affected by the ammonium enrichment more than 5 μM per day although the cellular chlorophyll a content and cell density increased in proportion with the ammonium enrichment up to 20 μM per day. A potential response of zooxanthellae to the multiple environmental stresses was shown from these results.
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  • WANN-DUEN CHIOU, CHIN-CHENG WU, LEI-ZONG CHENG
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1014-1025
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Spatio-temporal variation of the sergestid shrimp Acetes intermedius in the coastal waters of southwestern Taiwan was investigated based on 1546 samples collected by 13 commercial fishing vessels from July to October 1996. Adult sergestid shrimp started a down-estuary migration with the increased river discharge associated with heavy summer rainfall. Fishing season for this species was to commence after that. In July, the shrimp stock was found on the shallow continental shelf off Tungkang and Fangshan. They mainly aggregated in Kaoping Canyon off Tungkang during August and September occurring at very high densities. In October, the shrimp returned to the coastal waters off Tungkang and Fangshan at lower densities. The heavy rainfall is a factor that triggers the shrimps to make a down-estuary migration that could reduce competition for food between adults and their offspring during the period of high river discharge. When the northeast monsoon prevailed, the sergestid shrimp moved back to the estuaries and the fishing season was terminated.
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  • ARANYA PONPORNPISIT, MAKOTO ENDO, HISASHI MURATA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1026-1031
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experimental infection of Tetrahymena pyriformis was conducted on ornamental fishes with skin wounded by acetic acid treatment. Among fishes used in this experimental infection, guppy Poecilia reticulata, pristella Pristella maxillaris, neontetra Paracheirodon innesi and cherry barbs Puntius titteya proved to be sensitive to challenge, while medaka Oryzias latipes, dwarf gourami Colisa lalia, goldfish Carassius auratus, platy Xiphophorus maculatus and angelfish Pterophyllum scalare were resistant. In catfish Corydoras aeneus infection was unsuccessful. Exposure to Tetrahymena at ≥100 cells/mL at 25 to 30°C and at pH of 6.0 to 8.0 resulted in the successful infection of some sensitive fish species. Histological and bacteriological observations suggest that deeply destroyed skin tissues from the acid-treated method are the primary factors in successful infection.
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  • NOBORU MURASE, HITOSHI KITO, YUZURU MIZUKAMI, MIYUKI MAEGAWA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1032-1038
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was designed to determine the critical photon irradiance for growth and daily compensation point of juvenile Sargassum macrocarpum. Sampling and measurement of natural light conditions were carried out in the S. macrocarpum population at a depth of 8 m off Kiwado in Fukawa Bay, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, from April to June 1998. Photosynthesis and respiration of the juvenile thalli, and diurnal changes in solar irradiance were measured for the same period. The critical photon irradiance for growth of the juvenile thalli observed on the population floor was 1.0-1.5% on the sea surface. The photosynthetic rate of leaf of juvenile thalli increased linearly with increasing photon irradiance when light levels were lower than 50 μM/m2 per s. The respiratory rate and light compensation point of the juvenile thalli were 2.49 μL O2/cm2 per h and 4.98 μM/m2 per s, respectively. The daily compensation point was estimated with a mathematical model based on photosynthesis-light equations and diurnal changes in solar irradiance. For a day of average solar irradiance over the period of the present study, the estimated daily compensation point of the juvenile thalli was 1.3% on the sea surface. This value agreed well with the observed critical photon irradiance for growth of juvenile S. macrocarpum on the population floor. The results of the study confirm that the mathematical model is effective for estimating the daily compensation point.
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  • ATSUKO YAMAGUCHI, TORU TANIUCHI
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1039-1048
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Stomach contents were examined from 936 individuals of Mustelus manazo, collected by trawl at five locations: Aomori, Tokyo Bay, Maizuru and Shimonoseki in Japan, and one location off Taiwan. The vacuity index was relatively low (0-6.1%). Based on three indices (%W, %F, RI), the major dietary component was crustaceans at all locations. The most important prey category was crabs in Aomori, Shimonosei and Taiwan, mantis shrimps in Tokyo Bay, and shrimps in Maizuru. Fishes were a minor food category for M. manazo in most locations, except in Maizuru where fishes were second in importance in the diet. Dietary overlap revealed a medium degree of overlap between Tokyo Bay and Aomori, and between Tokyo Bay and Shimonoseki. The other locations showed a high degree of overlap with each other. Significant ontogenetic dietary shifts were found in Tokyo Bay, Maizuru and Taiwan, and prey diversity showed a trend being relatively low in larger size classes. The feeding habit of M. manazo was unique in Tokyo Bay, where crustaceans in the muddy substrata were taken in preference to the most abundant benthic prey item available, such as a southern rough shrimp, Trachypenaeus curvirostris. Mustelus manazo appears to use two feeding strategies based upon stomach contents. One, in Tokyo Bay, involved the digging up or removing of burrowing invertebrates from muddy substrata without crushing them. The other, at the other four locations, involved the crushing of prey on the substrata surface.
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  • KOJI INOUE, SYUN-ICHIRO OSHIMA, TATSUYOSHI HIRATA, IKUO KIMURA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1049-1052
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae including Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens are known to cause anisakiasis when their live larvae are ingested by humans. We estimated the possibility of anisakid infection to salmonids, farmed in sea net-pens at Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan, in 1992, 1998 and 1999, by direct examination of the edible muscle and examination of the contents of the alimentary canal. From direct examination of the muscle, no nematode was found in the 249 farmed coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and 40 farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In contrast, third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were found in seven of 14 wild coho salmon caught in Russia and all the 40 wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta caught at Nemuro and Kesennuma in 1998. The stomach and intestines of 521 farmed coho salmon and 40 farmed rainbow trout were examined carefully for the existence of possible carrier organisms such as crustaceans, fish or squid. Such carrier organisms were not found in the stomach and intestines of farmed fish. Thus, we conclude that the possibility of anisakid infection is very low in farmed salmonids.
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  • KANAKO WATANABE, KENJIROU URA, TAKEYOSHI YADA, VISWANATH KIRON, SHUICH ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1053-1061
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Three feeding experiments were conducted pragmatically to determine energy and protein requirements of different sized yellowtail (31, 94, and 506 g on average) for maximum growth and maintenance of body weight under different water temperatures (29.8, 27.1 and 18.8°C on average) in small net cages. Fish were fed to satiation or at levels between 10 and 70% of the satiation level or at body weight maintenance levels or starved. The experimental diets were extruded dry pellets with known digestible energy (DE) and protein (DP) values. The growth rate was highest for the satiation group and decreased proportionally to the feeding levels. The DE and DP requirements for maximum growth were 206 kcal and 22.5 g, 274 kcal and 27.3 g, and 82 kcal and 7.7 g/kgBW per day, respectively, for fish with the initial body weight of 31, 94, and 506 g; while the requirements for maintenance of body weight were 31 kcal and 3.4 g, 31 kcal and 3.1 g, 29 kcal and 2.7 g/kgBWper day, respectively. Both the requirements for maintenance of body energy content were significantly higher than those for maintenance of body weight.
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  • HISAHARU SAKAI, MLYONO S BASKORO, ARI KUSBUIYANTO
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1062-1067
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Authors tested the performances of the photo voltaic generating system of independent source with solar and storage batteries for the purpose of application for fishing activities. Converting efficiency was -0.0024t + 0.2231 (t is average temperature), and battery coefficient, which means efficiency of battery, was 0.378. Simulation for installment on bamboo-platform liftnet (Bagan) in Pelabuhan Ratu, Indonesia, shows good results (i.e. power generated by this system is expected to be 0.263 MJ/m2 per day, 48% greater than under the solar radiation conditions in Japan). Required area for the system installment is 18.2 m2 for 10 h lighting of 0.5 kW fishing light. It is possible to install the system on standard Bagans.
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  • EDGAR C AMAR, VISWANATH KIRON, SHUICHI SATOH, NOBUAKI OKAMOTO, TAKESHI ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1068-1075
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We attempt to assess the impact of different levels of dietary β-carotene on immune function in rainbow trout. Semi-purified diets containing 0, 40, 200, and 400 mg β-carotene/kg dry diet were fed for 12 weeks to fish with average weight of 45 g. In addition to the humoral and cellular immune parameters, growth and feed utilization were examined. There were no marked differences in growth and feed utilization showing that β-carotene was not particularly efficient in enhancing growth of rainbow trout. Of the immune parameters measured, total immunoglobulin was significantly highest for the 200 mg β-carotene fed group. Serum complement activity (alternate pathway) at 200 and 400 mg β-carotene supplementation was significantly higher than that of the unsupplemented group. An increasing trend in lysozyme activity was observed, however, the differences among the groups were not significant. Phagocytic activity was similar among diet groups except at the highest level of supplementation where it was the maximum. Oxygen radical production by peripheral blood leukocytes appeared to be lower at higher levels of carotenoid supplementation. Overall, dietary β-carotene clearly enhanced immune response parameters in rainbow trout such as serum complement activity and total plasma immunoglobulin but did not show a definite influence for the other factors examined in the present study.
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  • RYUJI KONDO, NORIKO KASASHIMA, HIROYUKI MATSUDA, YOSHIHIKO HATA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1076-1081
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An analytical procedure using a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the sensitive measurement of thiosulfate (S2O32-) in natural water was examined. Using a Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50 (4E) column and the HPLC system, thiosulfate was identified clearly by UV absorption at 215 nm with 100 mM Na2HPO4 (pH 8.5) as a solvent. Thiosulfate could be quantified in less than 20 min with a detection limit of about 10 pmol which corresponds to an injection of 20 μL from a standard with a concentration of 0.5 μM. Starting at the lowest detectable concentration, the calibration curve for thiosulfate was linear over a concentration range of four orders of magnitude. Thiosulfate analysis was not affected by the saline concentration of samples at up to 1 M NaCl. This procedure was applied to water samples of a meromictic lake, Lake Suigetsu, Fukui, Japan. Thiosulfate was found in lake water sampled below the chemocline at a concentration of less than 1-60 μM but not in the oxic surface water.
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  • YUKI TOKUDA, HARUHIKO TOYOHARA, MASARU IKEMOTO, TATSUO KINA, MORIHIKO ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1082-1086
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The distribution of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) cells in the spleen, the head-kidney, and the trunk-kidney of adult Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was investigated by a flow cytometric analysis using a monoclonal antibody FB17 against flounder immunoglobulin M. Although the percentage of sIg+ cells varied among organs, a good correlation was revealed between the percentage in the head-kidney and that in the trunk-kidney (r = 0.996, P < 0.001). In contrast, no correlation was obtained between the percentage of sIg+ cells in the spleen and the head-kidney or trunk-kidney. The head-kidney and the trunk-kidney contained cells bearing fewer sIg that were stained dimly by FB17 in addition to brightly stained sIg+ cells regarded as mature B cells, while the spleen contained only sIg+ cells stained brightly. Moreover, the immunocytochemical analyses showed that the head-kidney contains plasma cells with strongly stained cytoplasm in addition to B cells with stained cell surface, which suggests that the cells with fewer sIg detected by flow cytometric analysis are presumed to be at a stage during the processes of differentiation to plasma cells. These results suggest that there are some differences between the spleen and kidney in the role of the immune system and it is considered that differentiation of B cells to plasma cells occurs in the kidney.
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  • NORIHISA NAKASHIMA, MEGUMI MINAGAWA, SHIRO ITO
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1087-1091
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Growth and reproduction of hatchery-reared Chinese white prawn Penaeus chinensis released in the Ariake Sea, Japan, were examined. Chinese white prawn grew rapidly, reaching a body length of 154 mm in males and 198 mm in females by November (219-229 days after hatching). Maximum body length of sampled individuals was 164 mm in males and 223 mm in females. Growth curve of the Chinese white prawn was fitted to the Pitcher and MacDonald's formula, Lt=155.0{1-e2.925sin[2π(t-16.151)/365]-0.0623(t-10.712)} for males and the logistic curve, Lt=200.3/[1+e(1.985-0.034t)] for females (where Lt is the body length t days after release and t is the number of days after release). Females reached sexual maturity in late February and spawning occurred until April. Minimum size at ripe and spawned stages was 189 mm and 193 mm body length, respectively.
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  • WORAWUT KOEDPRANG, KENICHI OHARA, NOBUHIKO TANIGUCHI
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1092-1099
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Five clonal lines of silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii were produced from natural maternal fish to estimate the variance and heritability of total length, bodyweight and gonadosomatic index (GSI). The larvae on the 10th day after hatching were reared together in a common rearing system with five duplicate systems. Another system was prepared using a separate system with two replications in each family. Estimation of variance and heritability were done in the first, third, fifth and 10th month for total length and bodyweight. Microsatellite DNA markers were used to identify the clonal lines in each communal rearing tank. Average heritabilities in the first month were 0.105 for total length (ranging from 0.21 to 0.03) and 0.127 for bodyweight (ranging from 0.22 to 0.06) then decreased in the third, fifth and 10th month. In contrast, intermediate levels of heritability from separate systems were observed. Likewise, relative heritability of GSI in the 10th month presented a high level in both rearing systems. Those heritabilities indicated that growth, total length, bodyweight and reproductive performances of silver crucian carp were affected by genetic influence. The results suggest that clonal lines of silver crucian carp are suitable as experimental animals for evaluations of environmental change and various pollutants through quantitative traits such as growth, reproductive and other physiological traits.
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  • HIROSHI YOGATA, HIROMI OKU
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1100-1105
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fingerling yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (initial mean body weight 4.3 g), an active pelagic fish, were reared under fed (4 weeks) and unfed (1 week) conditions to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth performance and whole body composition. The fish were raised in three water velocities: < 0.3 body length/s (bl/s), 1.0 bl/s, and 2.25 bl/s and fed diets containing two fat levels (13.2 and 20.3%). The exercised fish had significantly higher weight gains and feed efficiencies than the unexercised fish in both dietary fat levels. A second-order polynomial suggested that the optimum water velocity for the growth occurred at about 1.6 bl/s. The whole-body crude protein and fat contents were higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish, and consequently apparent body protein and fat retentions were improved in both dietary fat levels by swimming. However, during 1 week starvation, body fat loss/g body weight loss was higher in the exercised fish than in the unexercised fish. The results of the present study clearly show that swimming condition improves growth performance of fingerling yellowtail, and suggest that swimming exercise stimulates both anabolism and catabolism of protein and fat; however, under fed conditions anabolism appears superior to catabolism.
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  • JUN KOHBARA, KIYOSHI FURUKAWA, HAJIME TAISHAKU, IWAO HIDAKA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1106-1114
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Laboratory-hatched juvenile yellowtails (mean fork length, 9.3 cm) were reared for 2 months in two groups on different kinds of food, mysid and squid in one group and fish in the other, and the gustatory neural responses to seven chemicals (adenosine-5'-monophosphate, alanine, arginine, betaine, proline, tryptophan, and valine) were recorded in fish before and after the 2-month rearing period. Large variances in the responses to some chemicals were noticed in the juveniles before the rearing experiment. Mann-Whitney U-tests on the neural responses indicated significant changes in the magnitude of the responses to valine and some other chemicals relative to that for proline or tryptophan between the pre- and the two post-rearing groups. No significant differences in the response magnitude for the seven chemicals were observed for the two post-rearing groups suggesting that the response changes during the 2-month rearing might have been intrinsic and not due to specific food items in the diet. The dose-response relationship for some chemicals was also examined in the juveniles before and after the 2-month rearing. A slight lowering of threshold was noticed for alanine and valine after the rearing. Data on the responses of wild yellowtails were in support of the changing responsiveness of gustatory receptors during development of juvenile yellowtails.
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  • YUICHI OZAKI, HIROMI OKUMURA, YUKINORI KAZETO, TOSHITAKA IKEUCHI, SHIG ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1115-1122
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pituitary, thyroid gland and gonads in leptocephali of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica (19.8-32.6 mm in total length), A. obscura (45.0 mm), and A. bicolor pacifica (49.5 mm) and those in glass eels of the Japanese eel were histologically and immunohistochemically examined in order to observe the developmental changes of these endocrine organs in the Anguillidae. The pituitary, consisting of adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis in Japanese eel leptocephali over 22.5 mm, did not contain thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) immunoreactive cells. Such cells were, however, detectable in the more developed pituitaries of leptocephali of A. obscura and A. bicolor pacifica and in those of glass eels. Conversely, thyroxine (T4)-immunoreactive thyroid follicles could be detected in all specimens, both leptocephalic and glass eel. Only in glass eels, gonads were found in the body cavity, and these gonads harbored one or two primordial germ cells (PGC) per cross-section. Our results indicate that thyroid hormones (TH) production started prior to TSH production, and that TSH and TH are both secreted during the metamorphosis from leptocephalus to glass eel. Therefore, it is plausible that the TSH-TH axis is involved in the metamorphosis from leptocephalus to glass eel, but not in the early growth from preleptocephalus to leptocephalus.
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  • DENG-FWU HWANG, TAI-YUAN CHEN, CHYUAN-YUAN SHIAU, SEN-SHYONG JENG
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1123-1129
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Seasonal variation in the level of extractive nitrogenous components was investigated in the muscle of puffer Takifugu rubripes cultured in two different areas of Taiwan. There were no seasonal and regional variations in the proximate composition of the fish. Of the free amino acids (FAA) in the muscle of puffer, the predominant one was taurine, followed by glycine, lysine, and alanine. Among nucleotide-related compounds, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) were the most prominent compounds. The total nucleotide-related compounds in the muscle of puffer were higher in July and November than those in the other months. The level of total taste-active components including glycine, alanine, arginine, GMP, IMP, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate was much higher in the muscle of puffer collected from July to January. Therefore, the puffer is probably more palatable in these periods.
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  • HENNEKE PANGKEY, KENIJI HARA, KATSUYASU TACHIBANA, MIN-JIE CAO, KIYOSH ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1130-1137
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cathepsin S was purified from carp hepatopancreas to homogeneity up to 300-fold. The amino acid sequence of its NH2-terminus was determined to be V-P-D-A-M-D-W-Y-N-K-G-Y-V-T-D-V-K-N-Q. On the contrary, that of purified cathepsin L from carp hepatopancreas was to be V-P-N-S-L-D-W-R-E-K-G. Purified cathepsin S consisted of a single chain with 37 kDa estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had strong hydrolytic activity toward Z-Phe-Arg-MCA with the pH optimum of 7.0, but this lacked the ability to hydrolyze most of the other MCA substrates. The optimum pH of cathepsin S for protein substrate (carp myosin heavy chain) was also to be pH 7.0. These properties of purified cathepsin S obviously differ from cathepsins B and L. The enzyme activity was totally inhibited by E-64, leupeptin, 5-5'-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid) and p-tosyl-lys chloromethylketone as well.
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  • HENNEKE PANGKEY, KENJI HARA, KATSUYASU TACHIBANA, MIN-JIE CAO, KIYOSHI ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1138-1143
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From 250 g of carp hepatopancreas, 0.29 mg of the purified enzyme was obtained. The bond specificity of cathepsin S for α-neoendorphin and neurotensin was 6Arg-7Lys and 3Tyr-4Glu, respectively. The cleavage sites for insulin B-chain were estimated to be the bonds at 3Asn-4Gln, 6Leu-7Cys, 12Val-13Glu, 13Glu-14Ala, 16Tyr-17Leu, 22Arg-23Gly, 24Phe-25Phe and 26Tyr-27Thr. P2 position on these peptides were bulky and hydrophobic amino acid residues such as Phe or Leu, small amino acid residues such as Gly, Ala and Val were also accepted in these positions. Regarding the protein substrates, cathepsin S degraded carp α-actinin, actin, tropomyosin and troponins T and I although the proteolyzing speeds were distinct from one another.
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  • ZENSUKE ISEYA, TOMOKAZU KUBO, HIROKI SAEKI
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1144-1149
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Atka mackerel (Am) and Japanese common squid (Sq) meats were cured in 0.5-1.5 M sorbitol solutions (pH 7.0) and dried at 30°C (relative humidity, 60%), and the effect of sorbitol on the moisture transportation and textural change during the curing and drying processes was investigated. With an increase in sorbitol permeated through samples, the moisture contents decreased by 52% (Am) and 42% (Sq) by curing in 1.5 M sorbitol solution. When the cured meats were dried, slow moisture vaporization occurred at the initial drying period, and the critical moisture content significantly decreased with an increase in the sorbitol content of the cured meats. Further, the hardening of the dried products was effectively suppressed by sorbitol curing. These effects of sorbitol would contribute to the reduction of drying time and particularly the elimination of the excess hardening of dried fish products.
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  • TAKAMI MORITA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1150-1157
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The cDNA clones of α-skeletal actins were isolated from the skeletal muscle of two species of rattail fish, Coryphaenoides acrolepis and Coryphaenoides cinereus. The complete nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and their deduced amino acid sequences were determined. Each of the two species had two α-skeletal actin cDNA. The nucleotide sequences of the coding region of the two α-skeletal actin isoform genes within each species had 92.0 and 91.8% homology. From the cDNA sequences of the four α-skeletal actin isoforms in the two species, amino acid sequences of 377 amino acid residues were deduced. It was predicted that the two N-terminal amino acid residues of each protein are processed after translation. The amino acid sequences of α-skeletal actin 1 in the two Coryphaenoides species were identical, as were the amino acid sequences of α-skeletal actin 2 in the two species. The amino acid sequences of the two α-actin isoforms, α-skeletal actin 1 and α-skeletal actin 2, differed by only a single amino acid, Ala/Ser at the 155th position. Northern blot analysis showed that a similar amount of each of the two α-actin isoform mRNA was expressed in the skeletal muscle of the two Coryphaenoides species.
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  • CHAN SUN PARK, KENICHI SAKAGUCHI, MAKOTO KAKINUMA, HIDEOMI AMANO
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1158-1162
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pythium sp., the causative organism of red rot disease, isolated from Porphyra yezoensis from Wando in Korea was compared with those from Miyagi, Aichi, and Fukuoka Prefectures by means of electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins and isozymes. Native and sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins revealed small but significant differences among the four isolates. Among the 14 detected enzymes, catalase (CAT), carboxylesterase (CE), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) possessed isozymes. The dissimilarity value of isozyme banding patterns for four isolates by unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was highest (0.51) between the isolate from Fukuoka and those from Miyagi and Aichi, and lowest (0.19) between the isolate from Miyagi and that from Aichi. Cluster analysis of data from isozyme banding patterns grouped the isolates from Miyagi and Aichi. These results indicate that the isolates from Miyagi and Aichi are similar, but each isolate from Wando and Fukuoka differed slightly from those of Miyagi and Aichi.
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  • SUNG HO YOON, MAKOTO KAKINUMA, YASUSHI HIRAYAMA, TSUNEJI YAMAMOTO, SHU ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1163-1171
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A cDNA library constructed from the dorsal fast skeletal muscle of white croaker Pennahia argentata was screened for myosin heavy chain using antibody raised against carp fast skeletal myosin. A full-length cDNA was further cloned by reverse transcription-PCR and 5'-RACE using first-strand cDNA as a template together with appropriate sets of primers. The entire cDNA consisted of 5986 nucleotides (nt) with 64 nt 5'-untranslated and 129 nt 3'-untranslated regions. This full-length cDNA had an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1930 amino acid residues. Amino acid alignment with myosins from various vertebrates revealed some striking differences between fish and mammalian sequences which could be due to their position in the vertebrate evolutionary process. Hydrophilicity analysis revealed two different features of the myosin molecule: S1 heavy chain showed a mixed profile of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, whereas rod had a profile of only hydrophilicity. Comparison of amino acid sequences in the rod region between white croaker and walleye pollack showed a markedly high identity of 92%. White croaker myosin rod had a characteristic seven-residue (heptad) repeat (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)n, where positions a and d were normally occupied by hydrophobic residues, and positions b, c and f by oppositely charged residues, which may lead to interhelical electrostatic attractions stabilizing the coiled-coil of α-helices.
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  • MIN-JIE CAO, KIYOSHI OSATOMI, MIHO SUZUKI, KENJI HARA, KATSUYASU TACHI ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1172-1179
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
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    Two trypsins, designated as trypsin A and trypsin B, have been purified from the hepatopancreas of carp. The purification procedures consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Ultrogel AcA54 and Q-Sepharose. Trypsin A was purified to homogeneity with the molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa, while trypsin B gave two close bands of 28.5 kDa and 28 kDa on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both under reducing and non-reducing conditions. On native-PAGE, both trypsin A and trypsin B showed a single band. Trypsin A and trypsin B revealed optimum temperature of 40°C and 45°C, respectively, and shared the same optimum pH 9.0 using Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-MCA as substrate. Both enzymes were effectively inhibited by trypsin inhibitors and their susceptibilities were similar. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of trypsin A and trypsin B were determined to 37th and 40th amino acid residue, respectively. Their sequences were very homologous, but not identical to that of a trypsin-type serine proteinase from carp muscle and these of other trypsins. Immunoblotting test using the antibody raised against trypsin A cross-reacted with trypsin B positively.
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  • HIDEKI TAKAMI, TOMOHIKO KAWAMURA, YOH YAMASHITA
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1180-1182
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • KATSUNORI FUJIKURA, SHINJI TSUCHIDA, JUN HASHIMOTO
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1183-1185
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • SATOSHI ISHIKAWA, YOBUO KIMURA, TADASHI TOKAI, KATSUMI TSUKAMOTO, MUTS ...
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1186-1188
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
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  • TAKESHI NAGAI
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1189-1190
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
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  • KOJI YAMAZAKI, TOMOKO TATEYAMA, YUJI KAWAI, NORIO INOUE
    2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1191-1193
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 2000 Volume 66 Issue 6 Pages 1194
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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