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Volume 11 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 183-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 11, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Ricardo Marcos Pytkowicz, Kenneth Johnson, Cynthia Curtis1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA partial long-range order model for aqueous electrolyte solutions is proposed to avoid contradictions present in the Debye-Hückel theory. The partial long-range order increases with increasing salt concentration because, as the ions are closer together, the coulombic energy of interaction which generates a quasi-lattice increases. Furthermore, the order decreases with increasing temperature because the thermal energy increases relative to the coulombic attraction of the ions. The long-range order parameter L and a parameter v which results from fluctuations and other effects are obtained for LiCl, NaCl and KCl by comparing the theoretical configurational free energy to the electrical free energy obtained from the experimental activity coefficients. The specific interaction and the cluster integral models are discussed briefly at the end of this work.View full abstractDownload PDF (1780K) -
P. K. Kuroda, R. D. Sherrill1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 9-19
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isotopic compositions have been measured mass spectrometrically for xenon and krypton fractions released from a sample of thucholite from Besner Mine, Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada, in stepwise heating experiments. The relative abundances of the fissiogenic xenon and krypton isotopes released from the thucholite indicated that they are primarily the product of 238U spontaneous fission. A xenon fraction with an isotopic composition resembling that of the AVCC xenon was released at 400°C. In the case of krypton, the isotopic composition of a very large fraction of the total gas released at 250°C was closer to the AVCC krypton than to the atmospheric krypton. Small excesses of cosmic-ray-produced 124Xe and 126Xe appeared to be present in xenon fractions released at higher temperatures. A possible connection between the occurrence of a meteoritic rare gas component in terrestrial materials and the process of meteorite impact is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2578K) -
Akimasa Masuda, Hiroshi Shimizu, Naoshi Inenaga1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 21-32
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmploying two kinds of basalts, i.e., alkali olivine basalt and high-alumina basalt, the partitioning of REE was investigated for partial crystallization at 20kb. Even with the same alkali olivine basalt, the peak-shaped and the terrace-shaped partition coefficient functions were obtained, although both of them belong to a major “rectilinear” partition coefficient group. This difference in the shape appears to be associated with the relative content of Ca to Mg and Fe in crystal phase. Meanwhile, use of a high-Al basalt yielded a new partition coefficient function (schanze-shaped) quite distinct from rectilinear functions and their varieties. Intriguingly, addition of MgO (5%) to the high-Al basalt powder (95%) brought about a drastic change of partition coefficient function, resulting in the terrace-shaped one. It is evinced that the higher values of atomic ratios, Al/(Mg+Fe+Ca) and Si/(Mg+Fe+Ca), in the starting material are favorable to the appearance of schanze-shaped partition coefficient function. Besides, REE in island arc tholeiite from New Britain were accurately determined. REE abundances in this sample have demonstrated to imply that this basalt has a history of temporary separation from melt with 6-8 times chondritic REE abundances through the regulation of the terrace-shaped partition coefficient function. It was also attempted to use the schanze-shaped partition coefficient function in order to explain the genesis of felsic potassic basalt (KAY and GAST, 1973) based on two-stage fractional crystallization model. The REE pattern of the material removed during the second stage was calculated together with the “liquid-type” pattern corresponding to the switching point between two stages in question.View full abstractDownload PDF (3616K) -
G. Paolo Sighinolfi, Tereza Sakai1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTh and U distributions in Archean granulite-facies rocks from Bahia (Brazil) have been investigated by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Thorium shows a very large range of values (from < 0.3 to 72.2ppm) with high concentrations in only a few samples. Uranium is more homogeneously distributed at abundance levels below 1 ppm. The Th/U ratios vary irregularly depending on the variable Th contents but are normally much higher than averages for magmatic and metamorphic rocks or crustal averages. Differential behaviour of Th and U during metamorphism is considered as the main cause of the high Th/U values observed. Selective depletion of uranium in metamorphic fluids may have resulted from an early event as documented by other very old crustal materials. Surface heat production data indicate that the Bahia granulitic block is a low-heat production region (average H.P.U. 3.32). Emphasis is placed on the need for a future study of the vertical compositional profile of the crust in shield areas with exposed high-grade metamorphic rocks using combined heat production rate and heat flow data.View full abstractDownload PDF (2403K) -
S. Yanagita, R. Gensho1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 41-44
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn anomaly in the isotopic composition of lithium has been searched for in the Allende meteorite. White inclusions, a chondrule and the matrix of Allende were analysed and compared with terrestrial standard rocks and with the meteoritic standards of St. Severin, Peace River and Bruderheim. No anomaly of 7Li/6Li was observed in any of the Allende samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (919K) -
P. K. Kuroda1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 26, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGamma-rays from relatively distant supernova explosions may cause an increase of the NO inventory in the atmosphere, which in turn may lead to a reduction of O3 and a world-wide change in climate. Such an effect may be detectable in the temperature data obtained by the method of isotopic tree thermometers.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Jun Sato, Kazuo Sato, Nobufusa Saito1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 49-52
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA non-destructive gamma-ray spectrometry was applied to a number of volcanic products from Japan. Considerable amounts of 137Cs (∼10-13Ci/g) were determined in some volcanic rocks. The presence of 137Cs does not appear to have any relation to the type, age and spatial distribution of the volcanic rocks. This nuclide is not observed in new volcanic products such as ejecta which were collected immediately after eruption, while it is occasionally present in the interior of historic massive lavas. Based on the assumption that the source of the observed 137Cs is a fall-out, 239Pu in volcanic rocks is estimated to be ∼10-15Ci/g, being of the same order of magnitude as has been reported by MEIER et al. (1974).View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
R. K. Moniot, S. Niemeyer1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 53
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (210K) -
P. K. Kuroda1977 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 55-56
Published: March 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (421K)
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