Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a poor prognosis, with low rates of surgical eligibility and high recurrence. Effective perioperative strategies are essential. For adjuvant treatment, capecitabine (based on the BILCAP trial) and S-1 (from the ASCOT trial) have become standard regimens. Neoadjuvant therapy using gemcitabine-platinum combinations and locoregional strategies such as hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y-90 TARE) have improved resectability and survival outcomes. Molecular profiling has revealed actionable alterations in nearly 70% of ICCs. FGFR2 fusions, IDH1 mutations, and BRAF V600E mutations can be targeted with inhibitors such as pemigatinib, ivosidenib, and dabrafenib-trametinib, respectively, showing promising response rates in clinical trials. Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) subtype. Combination strategies involving PD-1 inhibitors with radiotherapy or anti-angiogenic agents are further expanding the potential for treatment. Future efforts should focus on standardizing resectability criteria, expanding access to molecular profiling, and accelerating Phase III trials.

Intrinsic capacity (IC), introduced by the World Health Organization, is a core concept in the framework of healthy ageing. This study reviews the relevant concepts, epidemiology, assessments, influencing factors, adverse outcomes, and interventions concerning IC. IC refers to the composite of physical and mental capacities that an individual can draw on to live independently and thrive. Although IC is closely related to frailty and physiological reserve (PR), there are conceptual differences: IC represents the inherent functional reserve, frailty reflects the cumulative state of functional deficits, and physiological reserve emphasizes the ability to resist functional physical decline. IC assessments include comprehensive screening instruments of Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) and combinations of domain-specific scales; however, these approaches face challenges such as the inability to provide quantifiable results and the lack of standardized criteria, highlighting the urgent need to develop a standardized IC assessment system. Biomarkers may serve as supportive assessment tools, but their application is limited by cost and insufficient evidence, underscoring the need for future development of predictive models that integrate them. The main factors influencing IC include sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, psychosocial factors, and lifestyle. IC is strongly associated with health outcomes, serving as an effective predictor of several adverse outcomes. Interventions targeting IC primarily include ICOPE-guided multidomain interventions, along with other interventions such as multicomponent exercise, cognitive stimulation therapy, and dietary intervention; however, high-quality controlled trials remain limited, and the optimal timing and mechanisms of intervention require further investigation. This review offers important insights for clinical practice and research aimed at promoting healthy ageing among older populations.

Parents having new children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were exposed to heightened parenting difficulties. However, pandemic-specific parenting difficulties and unmet support needs among these parents, especially fathers and parents with multiple children, remain underexplored. We conducted a study to clarify parenting difficulties and support needs of such parents by using quantitative text analysis of free-form descriptions collected from 809 Japanese parents in 2022 (first-child group: 163 fathers and 222 mothers; second-child group: 192 fathers and 232 mothers). Quantitative text analysis using KH Coder included co-occurrence network and correspondence analyses to identify parenting difficulties and support needs, stratified by sex, household income, and the presence of parenting consultants. Regarding parenting difficulties, fathers more often emphasized children's behavioral challenges, whereas mothers reported emotional struggles. Pandemic-related restrictions directly amplified parenting difficulties, including limited childcare resources, reduced social interaction, and infection-related concerns. Support needs across groups centered on financial assistance and childcare but varied by income, sex, and consultant availability. Fathers without consultants emphasized information and advice, while mothers without consultants stressed temporary childcare needs or illness-related support. Parenting difficulties and support needs reflected cultural gender norms. Policy implications include sustaining financial aid, developing gender-tailored interventions, and establishing crisis-resilient support systems.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a critical public health challenge in Jiangxi Province, China, where regional resistance patterns remain understudied. This retrospective study analyzed 9,041 suspected TB patients (2022–2023), identifying 3,104 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) cases via PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR-REBA). Among M. tuberculosis-positive cases, 19.3% exhibited drug resistance, including mono- (9.2%), double- (4.6%), triple- (3.8%), and quadruple-drug resistance (1.7%). Males had higher odds of rifampicin (OR = 1.407, 95% CI: 1.086-1.824, p = 0.01) and isoniazid (OR = 1.959, 95% CI: 1.538-2.495, p < 0.001) resistance. Dominant mutations included rpoB Ser531Leu (32.1%) for rifampicin and katG Ser315Thr (53.6%) for isoniazid resistance. Extrapulmonary TB showed higher susceptibility than pulmonary TB (e.g., rifampicin: 93.47% vs. 87.25%, p = 0.002). These findings highlight the urgent need for rapid molecular diagnostics and targeted interventions in Jiangxi to address distinct DR-TB patterns and demographic disparities.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposed the fragility of global immunization programs and intensified measles vaccine hesitancy, with global measles-containing-vaccine first-dose (MCV1) coverage falling from 86% in 2019 to 81% in 2021, with the number of unvaccinated children rising to 18 million. Using the 7C model of vaccine readiness, we highlight how Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Collective responsibility, risk Calculation, Compliance, and Conspiracy beliefs shape parental decision-making in the post-pandemic era. Declining trust, low perceived disease risk, misinformation, and service barriers threaten progress towards measles eradication. We argue that recovery requires more than restoring coverage: resilient immunization strategies must address both structural barriers and psychological drivers of hesitancy. Clinician-led communication, accessible and free vaccination services, targeted social media engagement, and transparent informational dashboards are all essential tools for achieving effective disease management. Ultimately, vaccine readiness is not only about access – it is about trust, values, and resilience. Without decisive action, measles control will remain vulnerable to future global crises.

Zoonoses pose serious public health challenges. In Lao People's Democratic Republic, where > 70% of population engages in agriculture and livestock farming, public awareness of zoonoses remains unclear. We conducted a nationwide population-based survey with 347 individuals aged 12–40 years across 40 villages in 20 districts. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with zoonoses awareness. Awareness was approximately 42.9% and was significantly higher among females and livestock owners. Lower awareness was observed among individuals with primary or secondary education compared with those with higher education, whereas no significant difference was found for those with no formal education. These findings highlight the need for targeted health education programs for populations with limited access to formal education and health information. A One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health sectors, should be prioritized to improve zoonoses awareness and reduce transmission risks, especially in rural and marginalized communities.