Women has been greatly concerned with each section of work, fishery sea work, fishery land-based work, housekeeping and care, community activities, in fishery and fishery communities. However, it is expected that women reduce the degree of the relation to fishery and fishery communities on the whole in recent years, and the state of fishery and fishery communities are changed secretly.

Firstly, this paper clarify changes of women and the present condition in fishery and fishery communities. Secondly, the factor of changes and directivity of women are grasped. Thirdly future of women in fishery and fishery community is viewed.

In this paper, we try to analysis on a case study of both fishing villages, Oshima District in Ohi Town in Fukui Prefecture and Kamishima Island in Toba City in Mie Prefecture where we researched. And we think that it is important to analysis from a point of view that the women’s working forms are deeply influenced from the local labor market around the fishing villages. These two fishing villages are very contrastive cases being connected with the local labor market. 

In Oshima District, as well-known, there are four nuclear power plants that were built from 1972 to the beginning 1990s, one after another. And the structure of industrial and employment in the local area have changed a lot through constructing those plants.

Various kinds of industries, such as the construction industry, the manufacturing industry, and the service industry that related the nuclear-power-plants have developed, the job opportunities of various kinds of tertiary industries, such as the retail business and the distribution industry with changing towards the service economy on a nationwide- scale, were also expanding from the second half of 1990s. It was influenced also the women’s working structure in Oshima District through changing of the local labor market. 

On the other case study, in Kami-shima Island in Mie Prefecture, after the second half of the 1990s, so-called “U-Turn” labors were decreasing, and reversely, it is increasing more and more the case which move out Aichi Prefecture etc. Because they were becoming permanent workers as a full-time employee to the car industry of Tokai Area, after graduation from high school. Today, it is increasing the case that their aged parents moved out to their son’s residing area from Kami-shima Island, and they live with their sons. As the member of young men moved out to Aichi Prefecture etc, it becomes impossible to continue their old working style having performed by two fishing labors, the successor and his father.  The aged husband was working on the fishing groud with his aged wife instead of his son. Therefore, the women’s labors are becoming to perform the important role of fishing work in Kamishima Island.

Today, there are many kinds of movements to take various measures concerning the management or the utilization of marine resources in many nationwide fishing villages for the promotion of the development of coastal fisheries. We think that we have to pay attention about the utilization of the human resources, as well. It is very important for fishing village area about that. However, we know that many people generally have no concerning about that. Because the fishing production is mainly the male work, the femaleworker is “the assistant of the malefisher”.

In this paper, we paid attention to “Ama Fishing”, the only kind of fishery having engaged by woman in Japanese fisherie’s history for a long time. So, we think that we try to analyze about the actual condition of fishing production activity, management, and profitability of Ama fishing, and our studying purpose in this paper is clarification that it is the significance of Ama fishing in coast fisherman’s house management and the fishing village society.

Labor in the fishing industry involves not only work performed at sea, but also work performed on land. However, the overwhelming majority of previous research has concentrated solely on the maritime aspects of fishing work. In order to gain some insight into both the fishing industry and fishing communities for the future, we need to ascertain the situation with regard to land-based fishery work.

This paper, firstly, compares the importance of land-based work within each sector of the fishing industry and attempts some organization of the rich variety of land-based work. Secondly, it considers the types of land-based fishing work, in which women are significantly represented, and outlines the details of their involvement as well as their changing situation, using case studies. Finally, the paper considers the future of the fishing industry seen from the perspective of land-based work.

Fishing community has been composed with the background of the co-operation and control of their fishing ground, the collaboration of production and distribution such as the set net which are carried by the fishing community people from ancient times. And also, to maintain those communities feasible, various regional organizations have been making up. Especially, women organizations such as fishery or districts guilds have been practiced the various district activities of fishery management, environmental problems and welfare activities in the background of hard unity in fishing community. However, subjects such as increasing ineffective function of the society due to the advanced aging of women member themselves, increasing of members who are not able to participate in the activities due to the restriction of acting times and are increasing of working time except fishery, and increasing the concentration of burden for fixed person because most of them are working out of fishing.

In these conditions, the movement of establishing the district activities as a business while looking over the way of women activities has been occurring so far. In this paper, senior citizen support activities in fishing communities where advanced aging is proceeding compared with other districts are discussed. Through those activities, particulars, subjects, and prospects of the studies are examined in this paper as well. Those studies are suggesting the way of new activities such as the activities not only the support of living for advanced age peoples but also the spiritual and economic effect for acting women themselves.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the economic feature of cherry salmon in the view point of seasonal fishing income, annual work and consideration of relative evaluation with other fishes. We also evaluated a case study that has conducted high freshness distribution of cherry salmon as a strategy to declining cherry salmon’s capture production.

The set net fishing families of case examples on Suttsu town, Shimamaki village and Kumaishi town have earned about 20% of fishing value by cherry salmon in the term of April to May as seasonal fishing income. They can’t disregard the income compared with the labor cost on the fishing season though the catch amount of cherry salmon had decreased so much.

There is a fishing company that has added high value with cherry salmon by high freshness distribution in Kumaishi town. They have made efficient profit by getting a business partner who purchases their product adding much value in the Sapporo central wholesale market. But their method needs much time to handle fishes on the sea and shipping work at their port, so it was considered difficult to apply their framework to other entities as it is.

If the case example fishing entities in Suttsu town and Shimamaki village try to conduct high freshness distribution, they have to develop the manipulation that suit their market condition and find appropriate business partner.