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Kaho Shibata, Kenichi Sakakura, Yousuke Taniguchi, Kei Yamamoto, Takun ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
479-486
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
The rapid introduction of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is important for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The risks and benefits of reduced-dose prasugrel (20 mg loading and 3.75 mg maintenance) over clopidogrel have not been fully discussed. The purpose of this study was to compare the 90-days clinical outcomes of AMI between prasugrel-based DAPT and clopidogrel-based DAPT. We included 534 AMI patients and divided them into the clopidogrel group (n = 330) and the prasugrel group (n = 204). The primary endpoint was the total ischemic events and total bleeding events. In all, 52 ischemic events and 35 bleeding events were observed during the study period. The total ischemic events were similar between the clopidogrel and the prasugrel groups (P = 0.385). The total bleeding events were similar between the clopidogrel and the prasugrel groups (P = 0.125). The multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that prasugrel was not associated with the total ischemic events (hazard ratio (HR) 0.955, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.499-1.829, P = 0.890) and was not associated with the total bleeding events after controlling confounding factors (HR 0.972, 95% CI 0.528-1.790, P = 0.927). In conclusion, as compared to clopidogrel, the reduced dose of prasugrel was not associated with the excess risk of bleeding or the excess risk of ischemic events. Our real-world data support the current regimen of prasugrel for AMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Ryota Nishio, Manabu Ogita, Hideki Wada, Yui Nozaki, Daigo Takahashi, ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
487-492
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death among travelers, but the clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS) while traveling have not been assessed. We evaluated 2548 patients with ACS who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 1999 and 2015 and compared the incidences of all-cause and cardiac death during follow-up between travelers and locals. We assessed 192 (7.5%) patients who developed ACS while traveling. These patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction than local patients. During a median follow-up period of 5.3 years, 632 (24.8%) all-cause deaths were identified, including 310 cardiac deaths (12.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of all-cause death was significantly lower among the travelers than locals (P = 0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis revealed that travel was significantly associated with a lower rate of all cause death (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.80; P = 0.002). Cardiac mortality did not significantly differ between travelers and locals (P = 0.29). Patients with ACS treated with primary PCI while traveling had more favorable long-term clinical outcomes than local patients. Appropriate initial treatments and secondary preventions might improve the prognosis of travelers.
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Shigeto Namiuchi, Shinichiro Sunamura, Atsushi Tanita, Ryoichi Ushigom ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
493-498
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/01
ジャーナル
フリー
The recurrence rate of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients after first-time myocardial infarction (MI) is over ten times higher than in the general population. However, it is unclear whether patients with multiple-time MI have an even higher recurrence rate of MI. This study aimed to compare the recurrence rate in patients with multiple-time MI with the rate in patients after first-time MI. We retrospectively studied 794 consecutive MI patients who were discharged. Recurrent ACS was investigated in patients with previous MI (n = 46) and without previous MI (n = 748). During the follow-up periods (mean ± SD: 757 ± 733 days), recurrent ACS occurred in 47 cases without previous MI and in 7 cases with previous MI. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the risk of recurrent ACS was significantly higher in patients with previous MI than in patients without previous MI. ACS recurrence rates one year from the onset were 4.2% in patients without previous MI and 11.9% in patients with previous MI. Landmark analysis revealed that the higher recurrence rate in patients with previous MI was as high as 14.1% from 1 year after the onset to 2 years. In conclusion, the risk of recurrent ACS may be significantly higher in patients with multiple-time MI than in patients after first-time MI.
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Retrospective Analysis Focusing on Frailty, Nutrition, and Clinical Implication of Surgery
Riku Arai, Daisuke Fukamachi, Yasunari Ebuchi, Suguru Migita, Tomoyuki ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
499-509
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
In this retrospective observational study, we have examined the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of serious myocardial infarction (MI) -associated mechanical complications (MCs) occurring in Japanese patients in this era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on frailty, nutrition, and clinical implication of surgery. Included were 883 patients who, having suffered an MI, had been admitted to Nihon University Hospital between January 2013 and April 2020. Fifteen (1.70%) of these patients had suffered a potentially catastrophic MC-ventricular free wall rupture (VFWR, n = 8), ventricular septal rupture (VSR, n = 6), or papillary muscle rupture (PMR, n = 1). Factors associated with the MCs were age, poor nutritional status, a high Killip class, delayed diagnosis of MI, a high lactate concentration, a low thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade, and single-vessel disease. Thirty-day mortality among MC patients was 60% (9/15): 87.5% associated with VFWR, 33.3% associated with VSR and 0% associated with PMR. On adjusted multivariate analysis, occurrence of an MC was independently associated with 30-day mortality. Despite a high surgical risk (EuroSCORE II: 11.8 ± 4.7) with less frailty, 30-day mortality was lower among patients whose MC was treated surgically than among those whose MC was treated conservatively (40.0% versus 100.0%, respectively; P = 0.044).
Our data suggest that surgical intervention can save patients with a life-threatening MI-associated MC and should be considered, if they are not particularly frail.
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Sequential Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Kunihiro Ogura, Hiroaki Tsujita, Yosuke Oishi, Hidenari Matsumoto, Nao ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
510-519
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
A recent thinner strut drug-eluting stent might facilitate early strut coverage after its placement. We aimed to investigate early vascular healing responses after the placement of an ultrathin-strut bioresorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES) compared to those with a durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.
This study included 40 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) who underwent OCT-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Twenty patients each received either BP-SES or DP-EES implantation. OCT was performed immediately after stent placement (baseline) and at 1-month follow-up.
At one month, the percentage of uncovered struts reduced significantly in both the BP-SES (80.9 ± 10.3% to 2.9 ± 1.7%; P < 0.001) and DP-EES (81.9 ± 13.0% to 5.7 ± 1.8%; P < 0.001) groups, and the percentage was lower in the BP-SES group than in the DP-EES group (P < 0.001). In the BP-SES group, the percentage of malapposed struts also decreased significantly at 1 month (4.9 ± 3.7% to 2.6 ± 3.0%; P = 0.025), which was comparable to that of the DP-EES group (2.5 ± 2.2%; P = 0.860). The optimal cut-off value of the distance between the strut and vessel surface immediately after the placement to predict resolved malapposed struts was ≤ 160 μm for BP-SES and ≤ 190 μm for DP-EES.
Compared to DP-EES, ultrathin-strut BP-SES demonstrated favorable vascular responses at one month, with a lower rate of uncovered struts and a comparable rate of malapposed struts.
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A Landmark Sub-Analysis from J-MINUET Registry
Hideki Wada, Manabu Ogita, Satoru Suwa, Koichi Nakao, Yukio Ozaki, Kaz ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
520-527
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
Long-term clinical outcomes among patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) and heart failure (HF) who survive the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain uncertain. We investigated 3283 consecutive patients with AMI, selected from a prospective, nation-wide multicenter registry (J-MINUET) database comprising 28 institutions in Japan between July 2012 and March 2014. The 3263 eligible patients were divided into the following three groups: CS-/HF- group (n = 2467, 75.6%); CS-/HF+ group (n = 479, 14.7%); and CS+ group (n = 317, 9.7%). The thirty-day mortality rate in CS+ patients was 32.8%, significantly higher than in CS- patients. Among CS+ patients, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified statin use before admission (Odds ratio (OR) 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.66, P = 0.002), renal deficiency (OR 8.72, 95%CI 2.81-38.67, P < 0.0001) and final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.18-0.99, P = 0.046) were associated with 30-day mortality. Landmark Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that mortality rates after 30 days were comparable between CS+ and CS-/HF+ groups but were lower in the CS-/HF- group. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis also showed that hazard risk of mortality after 30 days was comparable between the CS+ and CS-/HF+ groups (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.03, 95%CI 0.63-1.68, P = 0.90), and significantly lower in the CS-/HF- group (HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.32-059, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, AMI patients with CS who survived 30 days experienced worse long-term outcomes compared with those without CS up to 3 years. Attention is required for patients who show HF on admission without CS to improve long-term AMI outcomes.
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Onur Sinan Deveci, Caglar Ozmen, Muhammet Bugra Karaaslan, Aziz Inan C ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
528-533
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/01
ジャーナル
フリー
This study aimed to identify the serum copeptin levels in patients diagnosed with unstable angina (UA) and evaluate the relationship between the patients' copeptin levels and angiographic severity.
A total of 200 patients who were diagnosed with UA and underwent coronary angiography were included in the study. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory data (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and copeptin levels) as well as The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 1.0 risk score were recorded upon admission. Moreover, the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was calculated following coronary angiography.
We isolated and defined two subgroups within our study population: group 1 included patients with non-significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (< 50% diameter stenosis, n = 105); group 2 included patients with significant CAD (≥ 50% diameter stenosis, n = 95). The number of cases with a GRACE score higher than 140 was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.001). The SYNTAX scores and copeptin levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P < 0.001 for both). A positive correlation was observed between the copeptin levels and SYNTAX scores (r = 0.683; P < 0.001), and the cut-off level of copeptin was 18.3 pmol/L (sensitivity of 74.7%, specificity of 83.8%, and area under the curve of 0.795).
This study suggests that it may be beneficial to use conventional scoring systems and serum copeptin levels when identifying high-risk UA patients.
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Hirohisa Taniguchi, Tomohiro Takata, Mineki Takechi, Asuka Furukawa, J ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
534-539
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
Atrial fibrillation is a clinically important arrhythmia. There are some reports on machine learning models for AF diagnosis using electrocardiogram data. However, few reports have proposed an eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) model to enable physicians to easily understand the machine learning model's diagnosis results.
We developed and validated an XAI-enabled atrial fibrillation diagnosis model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. We used Holter electrocardiogram monitoring data and the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) method.
Electrocardiogram data recorded from patients between January 4, 2016, and October 31, 2019, totaling 57,273 electrocardiogram waveform slots of 30 seconds each with diagnostic information annotated by cardiologists, were used for training our proposed model. Performance metrics of our AI model for AF diagnosis are as follows: sensitivity, 97.1% (95% CI: 0.969-0.972); specificity, 94.5% (95% CI: 0.943-0.946); accuracy, 95.3% (95% CI: 0.952-0.955); positive predictive value, 89.3% (95% CI: 0.892-0.897); and F-value, 93.1% (95% CI: 0.929-0.933). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AF detection using our model was 0.988 (95% CI: 0.987-0.988). Furthermore, using the XAI method, 94.5 ± 3.5% of the areas identified as regions of interest using our machine learning model were identified as characteristic sites for AF diagnosis by cardiologists.
AF was accurately diagnosed and favorably explained with Holter ECG waveforms using our proposed CNN-based XAI model. Our study presents another step toward realizing a viable XAI-based detection model for AF diagnoses for use by physicians.
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Zhijian Wu, Mingxian Chen, Qingdan Hu, Yaqin Chen, Jianjun Tang
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
540-545
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/01
ジャーナル
フリー
This study aims to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patient admissions to Hunan's cardiac intensive care units (CCUs).
We conducted a retrospective, single-center study. Data were collected from patients who were confirmed to have critical cardiovascular disease and admitted to the CCU of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, from January 23 to April 23, 2020. Compared with the same period in 2019, the results show that the number of hospitalization decreased by 19.6%; the inhospital mortality rate of CCU was decreased (28.57% versus 16.67%; odds ratio (OR), 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.251-0.996; P = 0.047); hospital stay was decreased (7.97 versus 12.36, P < 0.001); hospital emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rate in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) significantly decreased (76.00% versus 39.00%, P < 0.001); among this, the PCI rate of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) decreased (76.32% versus 55.17%, P = 0.028) as well. In addition, the number of patients transferred from other hospitals significantly decreased (76.79% versus 56.67%, P = 0.002), and the number of patients transferred from other cities also decreased by 10.75%.
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hunan Province, the number of patients admitted to CCU decreased, as well as the mortality rate; fewer patients with severe cardiovascular disease can be transported to better hospitals from remote rural areas. In addition to epidemic prevention and control, experts in China should focus on improved emergency transport medical services to reduce this impact.
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Teruhiko Imamura, Hiroshi Ueno, Mitsuo Sobajima, Koichiro Kinugawa, Yu ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
546-551
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is often accompanied by renal dysfunction, which portends a poor prognosis. Trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an accepted therapy for patients with severe AS, whereas the prediction of persistent renal dysfunction following TAVR remains challenging. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pre-procedural score to assess the reversibility of renal dysfunction following TAVR. A total of 2,588 patients with severe AS who received TAVR and were enrolled in the Optimized transCathEter vAlvular iNtervention (OCEAN-TAVI) multicenter registry (UMIN000020423) were retrospectively investigated and those with serum creatinine (Cre) data at baseline and one year following TAVR were included. The Cre score was calculated using the formula: 0.2 × (age [years]) + 3.6 × (baseline serum Cre [mg/dL]). This score was evaluated to assess the risk of persistent renal dysfunction defined as serum Cre level > 1.5 mg/dL at one year following TAVR. Of the 1705 patients (84.3 ± 5.0 years old) included, 246 (14%) had persistent renal dysfunction following TAVR. The Cre score predicted the incidence of persistent renal dysfunction with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.42-1.56) with a cutoff of 21.4 (43% versus 5%, P < 0.001). The Cre score also predicted 4-year survival following TAVR (70% versus 52%, P < 0.001) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.29-2.37). In conclusion, the Cre score identified those with a high risk of one-year persistent renal dysfunction following TAVR. The implication of Cre score-guided therapeutic strategy is the next concern.
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Real-Time 3D Echocardiographic Analysis
Boqing Xu, Takayuki Kawata, Tomoko Nakao, Koki Nakanishi, Megumi Hirok ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
552-558
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Preservation of the mitral valve (MV) size is essential for valve function, and a reduced MV coaptation-zone area increases the risk of developing functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). We aimed to determine if the MV leaflet and coaptation-zone areas were associated with the severity of atherosclerosis assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in patients with normal left ventricle (LV) systolic function and size by real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE).
We performed RT3DE analysis in 66 patients with normal LV size and ejection fraction who underwent 2D echocardiography and CAVI. MV coaptation-zone areas were measured by custom 3D software and indexed by body surface area (BSA). The associations of clinical factors and mean CAVI with MV leaflet and coaptation-zone areas were evaluated by univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses.
On univariable analysis, MV leaflet area/BSA was significantly associated with age (r = −0.335, P = 0.0069) and mean CAVI (r = −0.464, P < 0.001), and MV coaptation-zone area was significantly associated with age (r = −0.626, P < 0.001), hypertension (r = −0.626, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (r = −0.626, P < 0.001), E/e' (r = −0.626, P < 0.001), and CAVI (r = −0.740, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, mean CAVI was independently associated only with MV leaflet area/BSA (standardized coefficient = −0.611, P < 0.001) and MV coaptation-zone area/BSA (standardized coefficient = −0.74, P < 0.001).
In patients with normal LV systolic function and size, MV leaflet and coaptation-zone areas might be reduced according to advancing atherosclerosis. Patients with atherosclerosis might be at increased risk of developing FMR.
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Taisuke Nabeshima, Yuichi Ishikawa, Naokata Sumitomo, Kiyotaka Go, Yos ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
559-565
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
An intractable pleural effusion is a common comorbidity of a Fontan operation, occasionally leading to undesirable outcomes. The preventive effect of aortopulmonary collateral (APC) coil embolization against a pleural effusion before a Fontan operation is still controversial.
This is a retrospective single-center study; among 227 Fontan cases, 57 cases with complete MRI data were analyzed at first. Factors associated with the duration of pleural drainage (median: 6 (2-41) days) and that of postoperative hospital stay (median: 25 (14-91) days) were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The pulmonary artery index (PAI; Nakata index) was associated with both the pleural drainage duration (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.17) and postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05, r2 = 0.10).
Thereafter, all the 227 patients were classified into the following three groups: Group A (12 patients in whom the embolization was performed within 30 days before the Fontan surgery), Group B (131 patients in whom the embolization was performed more than 30 days before the Fontan surgery), and Group C (84 patients in whom the embolization was not performed). Patients in Group A were found to be associated with the shortest length of both periods (P < 0.05).
Lower PAI values were related to a prolonged pleural drainage duration and postoperative hospital stay. APC coil embolizations may reduce the risk if they are performed shortly (less than 30 days) before the operation.
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Tian-Ming Wang, Shan-Shan Wang, Ying-Jia Xu, Cui-Mei Zhao, Xiao-Hui Qi ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
566-574
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/01
ジャーナル
フリー
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) refers to a rare, progressive disorder that is characterized by occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in increased pulmonary arterial pressure, right-sided heart failure, and eventual death. Emerging evidence from genetic investigations of pediatric-onset PAH highlights the strong genetic basis underpinning PAH, and deleterious variants in multiple genes have been found to cause PAH. Nevertheless, PAH is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic defects underlying PAH in the overwhelming majority of cases remain elusive. In this investigation, a consanguineous family suffering from PAH transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait was identified. Through whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses as well as Sanger sequencing analyses of the PAH family, a novel heterozygous SOX17 mutation, NM_022454.4: c.379C>T; p. (Gln127*), was found to co-segregate with the disease in the family, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation was neither observed in 612 unrelated healthy volunteers nor retrieved in the population genetic databases encompassing the Genome Aggregation Database, the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database. Biological analyses using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system revealed that the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein lost the ability to transcriptionally activate its target gene NOTCH1. Moreover, the Gln127*-mutant SOX17 protein exhibited no inhibitory effect on the function of CTNNB1-encode β-catenin, which is a key player in vascular morphogenesis. This research firstly links SOX17 loss-of-function mutation to familial PAH, which provides novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of PAH, suggesting potential implications for genetic and prognostic risk evaluation as well as personalized prophylaxis of the family members affected with PAH.
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Toru Oka, Yuma Tada, Makiko Oboshi, Risa Kamada, Taku Yasui, Wataru Sh ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
575-583
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is occasionally associated with cardiac dysfunction during long-term follow-up. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) has emerged as an early predictor of cardiotoxicity associated with cancer therapy; however, the serial changes in GLS before and after HSCT have not been elucidated. To clarify the association between HSCT and GLS, we investigated serial changes in GLS before and after HSCT. We evaluated cardiac function before and 1, 3, and 6 months after HSCT in 38 consecutive HSCT patients enrolled in this study. Overall, GLS and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) temporally decreased 1 month post-HSCT. LVEF completely recovered to baseline at 3 months after HSCT, whereas GLS partially recovered 6 months after HSCT. Except for five patients who died within 6 months, GLS values in the low EF group (LVEF ≤ 55% at 6 months post-HSCT, n = 6) were significantly and consistently lower than those in the normal EF group (LVEF > 55% at 6 months post-HSCT, n = 27) at any time during follow-up. These findings suggest that GLS before HSCT might be associated with a decrease in LVEF after HSCT in patients with hematologic malignancies. Further prospective and long-term data will be important for understanding the management of HSCT-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Daichi Maeda, Kazushi Sakane, Yumiko Kanzaki, Ryoto Horai, Kanako Akam ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
584-591
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The spleen is associated with inflammation, and the size of the spleen is affected by hemodynamic congestion and sympathetic stimulation. However, the association between splenic size and prognosis in patients with heart failure remains unknown. Between January 2015 and March 2017, we analyzed 125 patients with acute decompensated heart failure who were assessed by computed tomography (CT) on the day of admission. The spleen was measured by 3-dimensional CT and then the patients were assigned to groups according to their median splenic volume indexes (SpVi; splenic volume/body surface area). We then compared their baseline characteristics and rates of readmission for heart failure after one year. The median SpVi was 63.7 (interquartile range: 44.7-95.3) cm3/m2. Age did not significantly differ between the groups. Patients with a high SpVi had more significantly enlarged left atria and left ventricles. Multiple regression analysis identified significant positive correlations between SpVi and posterior wall thickness as well as left ventricular mass index. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed lower event-free rates in the patients with a high, than a low SpVi (P = 0.041, log-rank test). After adjustment for potential cofounding factors, SpVi was independently associated with readmission for heart failure (Hazard ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.02; P = 0.047). In conclusion, increased splenic volume is independently associated with readmission for heart failure among patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
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Daisuke Inoue, Hiroshi Nishi, Reiko Inoue, Masaomi Nangaku
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
592-600
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
The clinical evidence is accumulating since 2015 that anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have the beneficial effect of cardiovascular and, recently, renal protection. Although it is not well analyzed how the transfer of this new evidence into daily practice has expedited, we hypothesize that the recent usage of the drugs is positively associated with several certified cardiologists in each region.
The 2016 annual and 2016-2017 increased number of SGLT2 inhibitor tablets, based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, were divided by the estimated number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for each of the 47 prefectures. Then, regression analyses were performed to investigate the potential association of the number of certified cardiologists with the drug prescription.
The 2016 prescription of ipragliflozin, dapagliflozin, luseogliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin was 2.7- to 4.4-fold different between prefectures. The 2016-2017 increased prescription volume also varied among prefectures by as large as 7.3-fold for ipragliflozin. Regression analysis revealed that the annual and increased prescription volume of all the SGLT2 inhibitors except luseogliflozin were higher in regions with more certified cardiologists (P < 0.05), even after adjusting for regional parameters.
In conclusion, the regional number of certified cardiologists was positively associated with a 2016 annual of and 2016-2017 increase in SGLT2 inhibitor prescription amount, implying an early adopter role of clinical experts in healthcare delivery.
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Yorinari Ochiai, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Chinatsu Komiyama, Takahide Kodama
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
601-606
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/01
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
The efficacy of anticoagulation for isolated distal DVT (id-DVT) is still uncertain and controversial. The aim of this study was to elucidate the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) from id-DVT and to investigate the need for anticoagulants.
We identified hospitalized patients with id-DVT diagnosed by lower-extremity ultrasonography (LEUS) from January 2013 to December 2013 in our institute. The exclusion criteria were the simultaneous detection of PE, a history of PE and/or DVT, and administration of anticoagulants before DVT detection. We retrospectively investigated the patient characteristics, treatments, occurrence of PE, and bleeding events between the groups with and without anticoagulation.
A total of 151 patients met the criteria. The median (IQR) age was 74 (67, 80) years old, and there were 60 (39.7%) men. The median (IQR) observation period was 571 (160, 721) days. Significant differences in patient characteristics were observed for hypertension, operation time, consultation with experts, and follow-up LEUS. During the observation period, only one patient in the no-anticoagulation group who had traumatic cerebral hemorrhaging and was bedridden developed PE (non-massive type). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of PE between the groups (log-rank P = 0.569). Bleeding episodes were observed in 9 of 151 (6.0%) patients, and all patients with bleeding events were taking anticoagulants (log-rank P < 0.001).
The present retrospective single center study suggests that anticoagulation for id-DVT in inpatients with various backgrounds has a low efficacy to prevent the occurrence of PE and may increase bleeding events.
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Shu-Juan Zhang, Cong-Xin Huang, Qing-Yan Zhao, Shu-Di Zhang, Zi-Xuan D ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
607-615
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
The aim was to investigate the role of the α7nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in vagal nerve regulated atrial fibrillation (AF).
18 beagles (standard dogs for testing) were used in this study, and the effective refractory period (ERP) of atrium and pulmonary veins and AF inducibility were measured hourly during rapid atrial pacing at 800 beats/minute for 6 hours in all beagles. After cessation of 3 hours of RAP, the low-level vagal nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) group (n = 6) was given LL-VNS and injection of salinne (0.5 mL/GP) into four GPs, the methyllycaconitine (MLA, the antagonist of α7nAChR) group (n = 6) was given LL-VNS and injection of MLA into four GPs, and the Control group (n = 6) was given saline into four GPs and the right cervical vagal nerve was exposed without stimulation. Then, the levels of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), acetylcholine (ACh), STAT3, and NF-κB proteins were measured. During the first 3 hours of RAP, the ERPs gradually decreased while the dispersion of ERPs (dERPs) and AF inducibility gradually increased in all three groups. During the last 3 hours of 6 hours' RAP in this study, the ERPs in the LL-VNS group were higher, while the dERPs and AF inducibility were significantly lower when compared with the Control and MLA groups at the same time points. The levels of ACh in the serum and atrium in the LL-VNS and MLA groups were higher than in the Control group, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in the Control and MLA groups than in the LL-VNS group. The concentrations of STAT3 in RA and LA tissues were higher in the LL-VNS group while those of NF-κB were lower.
In conclusion, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by α7nACh plays an important role in low-level vagal nerve-regulated AF.
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Yohei Sawa, Naoko Matsushita, Sachiko Sato, Nanae Ishida, Maki Saito, ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
616-626
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a relatively common complication of hypertension. Chronic hypertension induces cardiac HDAC6 catalytic activity. However, whether HDAC6 activation contributes to hypertension-induced AF is still uncertain. We examined whether chronic cardiac HDAC6 activation-induced atrial remodeling, leading to AF induction.
The HDAC6 constitutively active transgenic (TG) (HDAC6 active TG) mouse overexpressing the active HDAC6 protein, specifically in cardiomyocytes, was created to examine the effects of chronic HDAC6 activation on atrial electrical and structural remodeling and AF induction in HDAC6 active TG and non-transgenic (NTG) mice. Left atrial burst pacing (S1S1 = 30 msec) for 15-30 sec significantly increased the frequency of sustained AF in HDAC6 active-TG mice compared with NTG mice. Left steady-state atrial pacing (S1S1 = 80 msec) decreased the atrial conduction velocity in isolated HDAC6 active TG compared with NTG mouse atria. The atrial size was similar between HDAC6 active TG and NTG mice. In contrast, atrial interstitial fibrosis increased in HDAC6 active TG compared with that of NTG mouse atria. While protein expression levels of both CX40 and CX43 were similar between HDAC6 active TG and NTG mouse atria, a heterogeneous distribution of CX40 and CX43 occurred in HDAC6 active-TG mouse atria but not in NTG mouse atria. Gene expression of interleukin 6 increased in HDAC6 active TG compared with NTG mouse atria.
Chronic cardiac HDAC6 activation induced atrial electrical and structural remodeling, and sustained AF. Hypertension-induced cardiac HDAC6 catalytic activity may play important roles in the development of AF.
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Ping Cao, Wangmeng Zhang, Guicheng Wang, Xuan Zhao, Ning Gao, Zhen Liu ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
627-635
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
To evaluate whether lowering plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels at different doses of folic acid (FA) could reduce cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and investigate the possible mechanism of action.
We randomly divided 32 male SHRs into control, Hhcy, Hhcy + low-dose FA (LFA), and Hhcy + high-dose FA (HFA) groups. Echocardiography and Masson staining of cardiac tissue were used to assess diastolic function and cardiac fibrosis. Blood pressure (BP) and Hcy levels were measured during the experiment. We also measured the indicators of oxidative stress (OS) and examined the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting to explore the possible mechanism of action.
FA treatment reversed SHR cardiomyocyte interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition and diastolic dysfunction exacerbated by Hhcy. These effects were associated with promoting the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, activating HO-1 expression and inhibiting OS. However, HFA did not show any additional benefit from LFA in reducing cardiac injury.
Even at a low dose, FA can ameliorate Hhcy-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in SHRs by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting OS, independent of BP, providing evidence for the efficacy of LFA in the treatment of hypertension associated with Hhcy.
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Dandan Chen, Yu Hou, Xingjun Cai
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
636-646
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is a common complication with high incidence rates in sepsis patients. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-210-3p in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with SIMD pathogenesis.
A rat sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture. Serum inflammatory factors, myocardial tissue apoptosis, and expression of miR-210-3p were evaluated. In vitro, miR-210-3p expression in H9C2 cells was altered by transfection with its mimics or inhibitors. H9C2 viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis were detected through flow cytometry. The targeting regulatory relations between miR-210-3p and NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 4 (NDUFA4) were validated by dual luciferase reporter assay.
The rat sepsis model showed increased serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, significant myocardial tissue injuries and apoptosis with decreased Bcl-2 and increased Caspase-1 protein levels. In vitro, septic rat serum suppressed viability, promoted ROS production and apoptosis, impaired COX IV activities and increased cytochrome release in H9C2 cells. The expression of miR-210-3p was greatly increased in myocardial tissues of septic rats and septic serum-treated H9C2 cells. miR-210-3p directly binds to the 3' UTR of the NDUFA4 gene. Septic rat serum suppressed NDUFA4 and Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Protein U gene expressions in H9C2 cells. The above cellular and molecular alterations in H9C2 cells induced by septic serum were enhanced by miR-210-3p mimics and abrogated by miR-210-3p inhibitors.
miR-210-3p promoted SIMD pathogenesis by targeting NDUFA4 to enhance cardiomyocyte apoptosis and impair mitochondrial function.
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Hanqing Tang, Shitian Zhang, Cenhan Huang, Keming Li, Qiuhua Zhao, Xia ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
647-657
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-448-5p expression in the myocardial tissue of rats with myocardial infarction significantly increased, suggesting that it may participate in myocardial cell apoptosis in myocardial infarction. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of miR-448-5p on hypoxic myocardial cells.
H9C2 cells were cultured and subjected to anoxia for 2, 4, and 8 hours to establish a hypoxia model. MiR-448-5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected into the cells; then, a dual-luciferase experiment was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-448-5p and VEGFA. Cell viability and apoptosis was detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, miR-448-5p, FAS, and FAS-L were measured using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Hypoxia-reduced H9C2 cell viability and promoted apoptosis. MiR-448-5p expression was increased after H9C2 cell hypoxia. MiR-448-5p mimic significantly inhibited the viability and promoted the apoptosis of hypoxia-induced model cells. Hypoxia promoted the expression of apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and inhibited the expressions of Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, and caspase-3, whereas the effect of inhibitor on hypoxia-reduced H9C2 cell and apoptotic protein expression were opposite to miR-448-5p mimic. MiR-448-5p targeted VEGFA and regulated its expression. Silenced VEGFA expression significantly inhibited inhibitor effect on increasing cell viability and promoted apoptosis. In addition, miR-448-5p mimic inhibited the effect of hypoxia on promoting the expressions of FAS and FAS-L of H9C2 cells. Inhibitors had the opposite effect on cell hypoxia model.
The miR-448-5p/VEGFA axis could protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia through inhibiting the FAS/FAS-L signaling pathway.
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Hui Yang, Jingjing Su, Weixin Meng, Xiaoya Chen, Ying Xu, Bo Sun
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
658-665
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
To probe the function of miR-518a-5p/Granzyme B (GZMB) in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) -induced vascular endothelial cell injury.
The key genes of myocardial infarction were screened by bioinformatic methods. The upstream micro RNAs (miRNAs) of GZMB were predicted by TargetScan. The binding of miR-518a-5p to GZMB was verified with luciferase reporter assay. The H/R model was constructed with human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. Western blot was utilized to evaluate the levels of indicated proteins.
GZMB was up-regulated in patients with myocardial infarction and identified as the key gene by the bioinformatics analysis. Then the prediction from TargetScan indicated that miR-518a-5p, which is down-regulated in myocardial infarction patients, might be the potential upstream miRNA for GZMB. The following experiments verified that miR-518a-5p could bind to the 3'UTR of GZMB and negatively modulates GZMB expression. More importantly, the miR-518a-5p mimic enhanced cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis of H/R-injured HUVEC cells by inhibiting GZMB expression.
We proved that miR-518a-5p could partly attenuate H/R-induced HUVEC cell injury by targeting GZMB, and perhaps the miR-518a-5p/GZMB axis could be potential therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction.
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Yogi Umbarawan, Aiko Enoura, Harumi Ogura, Tomohito Sato, Makoto Horik ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
666-676
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Lipid-rich macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions are thought to be derived from myeloid and vascular smooth muscle cells. A series of studies with genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5 and bone marrow transplant experiments with FABP4/5 deficient cells in mice have demonstrated that these play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, it is still uncertain about the differential cell-type specificity and distribution between FABP4- and FABP5-expressing cells in early- and late-stage atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we first explored spatial distribution of FABP4/5 in atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. FABP4 was only marginally detected in early and advanced lesions, whereas FABP5 was abundantly expressed in these lesions. In advanced lesions, the FABP5-positive area was mostly restricted to the foam cell layer adjacent to the lumen above collagen and elastic fibers with a high signal/noise ratio. Oil red O (ORO) staining revealed that FABP5-positive cells were lipid-rich in early and advanced lesions. Together, most of lipid-rich FABP5-positive cells reside adjacent to the lumen above collagen and elastic fibers. We next studied involvement of FABP5 in lesion formation of atherosclerosis using ApoE-/- FABP5-/- mice. However, deletion of FABP5 did not affect the development of atherosclerosis. These findings, along with previous reports, suggest a novel notion that FABP5 is a sensitive marker for bone marrow-derived lipid-rich macrophages in the luminal side of atherosclerotic lesions, although its functional significance remains elusive.
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Tomoya Hasegawa, Takahiro Tachibana, Hikaru Kimura, Yoshikazu Yazaki
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
677-681
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
Cardiogenic shock with electrical storm is a challenging condition to manage in patients with acute myocardial infarction despite primary percutaneous coronary interventions. While active mechanical circulatory support devices may improve hemodynamics in this situation, identifying the appropriate arterial access for device deployment is difficult in patients with severe peripheral arterial disease due to severe stenosis or obstruction and tortuous path of the femoral-iliac artery or descending aorta; additionally, this also reduces the mechanical viability of the implanted circulatory support devices, thus posing a risk for limb ischemia. Herein, we report on the effectiveness of the IMPELLA 5.0, deployed via the axillary artery, in combination with atrial overdrive pacing to manage a patient with cardiogenic shock and electrical storm, without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Our strategy, which does not require access via the groin area, may be an attractive option for patients with severe peripheral arterial disease, particularly those with aorto-iliac occlusive disease.
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Shinji Imura, Takehiro Hashikata, Motosu Ando, Fumitaka Hosaka
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
682-686
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
Usage of an optimal guide extension catheter often helps successful outcomes in complex percutaneous coronary intervention. Here, we report a case of successfully retrieving a guide extension catheter entrapped by a coronary stent in the middle RCA. The guide extension catheter was retrieved by anchoring with the stent delivery balloon. Also, our in vitro experiment demonstrated that a "deep seating method" and an "anchoring guide extension catheter method" could be effective in bailing out guide extension catheter entrapment.
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Kohsaku Goto, Taichi Masuda, Junichi Ohashi, Yusuke Nakatsu, Fumitaka ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
687-694
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
電子付録
A 58-year-old man with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy visited a hospital once a month after his first hospitalization for heart failure. Three months later, he presented with consciousness impairment and heat stroke. Blood tests showed multiple organ failure, and echocardiography revealed biventricular thrombi. After admission, intensive care was provided, and anticoagulation therapy was initiated. The echocardiographic findings in the third week confirmed the complete disappearance of thrombi. Biventricular thrombi associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation from heat stroke is rare. We report the case of a patient who was treated with anticoagulation therapy only, without surgical intervention.
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A Case Report
Kohei Nozaki, Nobuaki Hamazaki, Yuki Ikeda, Manami Nihei, Shuken Kobay ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
695-699
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
The Impella 5.0 is a catheter-mounted left ventricular assist device that is inserted through the patient's subclavian artery. This device allows patient mobilization. Early mobility improves outcomes, including physical function and exercise tolerance, in critically ill patients and those with heart failure (HF). However, there have been no studies regarding the safety of early mobilization during the period of Impella 5.0 insertion based on hemodynamic assessment.
A 39-year-old man with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiogenic shock was transferred to our hospital for Impella 5.0 insertion. We started neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and mobilization eight days after Impella 5.0 insertion. The safety of NMES and mobilization was assessed based on mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and mean pulmonary artery pressure measurements as hemodynamic indicators. Muscle strength was also assessed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Throughout the interventions, only the HR increased slightly during mobilization, and there were no hemodynamic abnormalities. Also, the MRC scale score improved as mobilization progressed. The results presented here suggest that NMES and mobilization are safe and feasible in patients with Impella 5.0 insertion, and therefore should be widely adopted.
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Takuya Oyakawa, Zhensheng Hua, Aya Ebihara, Taro Shiga
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
700-705
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
For the past 20 years, S-1 has been used in the treatment of many types of cancer. However, the clinical importance of myocardial dysfunction attributed to S-1 remains to be unclear. Thus, in this study, we report on a patient with myocardial dysfunction associated with S-1.
S-1 postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer was included as a treatment for a 65-year-old man. On day 8, S-1 treatment was discontinued after the patient developed an oral ulcer. He was then admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea caused by S-1. At approximately the same time, he developed dyspnea, and his chest X-rays revealed perihilar vascular engorgement and cardiac enlargement. Although his brain natriuretic peptide was 595.8 pg/mL, troponin I and creatine phosphokinase were unremarkable. Electrocardiograms showed no change in atrial fibrillations or new ST-T wave change. As per his transthoracic echocardiogram, noted were expansion of the left ventricle, global hypokinesis, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (approximately 40%). The patient was then diagnosed with S-1-related myocardial dysfunction. Furosemide, human atrial natriuretic peptide, dobutamine, enalapril, spironolactone, and bisoprolol were administered. Thirteen days after being diagnosed with heart failure, his symptoms disappeared, his echocardiogram showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction had increased to 65%, and the cardiothoracic ratio improved to 47% according to his chest X-rays.
S-1-related myocardial dysfunction may be reversible, as it can improve after approximately 2 weeks.
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Shota Muraji, Toshiki Kobayashi, Shuntaro Oka, Takuro Kojima, Shigeki ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
706-709
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
[早期公開] 公開日: 2021/05/15
ジャーナル
フリー
We report a neonate with a successful percutaneous thrombectomy of a total thrombotic occlusion of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) after a surgical clipping for a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We suspected the compression of the LPA by the clipping and postoperative hemodynamic instability caused the LPA obstruction. After the surgical removal of the PDA clip and division of the PDA, we could safely retrieve the LPA thrombus with a non-hydrodynamic thrombectomy catheter for coronary arteries.
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A Possible Marker for Venous Stagnation over Central Venous Pressure
Seiko Kuwata, Hirofumi Saiki, Manabu Takanashi, Takuma Fukunishi, Kaga ...
2021 年 62 巻 3 号 p.
710-714
発行日: 2021/05/29
公開日: 2021/05/29
ジャーナル
フリー
We present the case of a 1-year-old boy who developed protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) within 2 months of a fenestrated Fontan procedure. His fenestration rapidly closed despite bilateral pulmonary stenosis (BPS). Subsequent to PLE onset, both fenestration and the bilateral pulmonary artery were reconstructed, and the patient's PLE had been in remission, with additive use of medications, for more than 2 years. Notably, although fenestration closed again and central venous pressure (CVP) reduction was minimal, the surrogates of venous return resistance were markedly suppressed as shown by increased blood volume, reduced estimated mean circulatory filling pressure, and suppressed CVP augmentation against a contrast agent. Taken together, dynamic characteristics of venous stagnation, rather than the absolute value of CVP, were ameliorated by the pulmonary reconstruction and use of medications, suggesting a significant role of venous property in the physiology of PLE. In addition, simultaneous measures of CVP and ventricular end-diastolic pressure during the abdominal compression procedure suggested a limited therapeutic role of fenestration against PLE in this patient.
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