For some reason, modern European nations have traditionally presented themselves as having a lot of rich and important history, much of it portrayed as being “international” in terms of cultural impact and wider global significance. Today, much of this history appears to be far more controversial than many comfortable national-popular narratives have acknowledged. This article explores how Europe is increasingly being forced to confront more negative and painful dimensions to its past; this involves deeper societal engagement with entangled legacies that are best defined as “difficult histories”. The Netherlands is presented as a central case-study, which explores how two difficult chapters in national history are caught up in debates about memory, commemoration, national identity and new forms of cultural diversity. The overarching goal of the paper is to stimulate deeper reflection on the challenges and opportunities generated by renewed engagement with the kinds of complex historical legacies that are shared, in one form or another, by all nations of the world.

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Anthropology, with its holistic approach to the study of human cultures, past and present, has a great deal to offer to contemporary societies. Its ability to provide insights about humans over the course of millions of years continues to serve those interested in the ways that humans might continue to evolve. Indigenous Studies is more generally thought to be focused on specific groups of people who have been impacted by colonization and their individual cultural developments. Indigenous Studies uses a more internal perspective that recognizes that Indigenous peoples have disparate literatures, knowledge systems, political structures, languages, and world views, but that they share commonalities that link them with other Indigenous peoples of the world. It also acknowledges that colonialism in its many forms has impacted sovereignty, human rights, landholdings, religious freedom, health, welfare, and cultural integrity. This paper offers a general discussion of anthropological and Indigenous Studies perspectives, presents the benefits and problems of working with communities, and then offers suggestions on how anthropology can become more relevant to Indigenous communities through a hybridization of anthropological and Indigenous Studies’ perspectives.

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The seminar of the Indigeneity Research Unit was held online on 21 January 2022, with the aim of discussing possible research and collaborations between unit members. Prof. Hirofumi Kato (Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies, Hokkaido University, Japan), introduced four possible research areas to be explored by members that could be conducted during the 5-year timeframe of the Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity (GSI), namely: (i) Defining indigeneity and related issues (political, social, cultural); (ii) Contemporary concerns facing Cultural Diversity; (iii) Perspectives on diversity in historical interpretation; and (iv) Indigenous repatriation (Indigenous rights, international repatriation, Indigenous participation). Discussion time was also allocated toward developing the first-year plan with particular focus on joint research in Hokkaido Prefecture, online seminars and seminars aimed at including and educating young scholars, GSI sessions at international conferences and joint publications. Members were encouraged to share any additional topics of interest for discussion.

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This seminar of the Indigenous Heritage Research Unit was held online on 22 January 2022. The seminar aimed to share work by unit members, and to discuss expected works or collaborative research for future GSI projects. The three presentations shared during the seminar are summarized below. “Eight Steps to Improve Research Practices Involving Indigenous Peoples and their Heritage,” by Professor George Nicholas, Simon Fraser University “Ethnic Tourism and Local Development in China,” by Associate Professor Zhang Tianxin, Peking University “Investigating Ainu Tourism in the Past and Present for Sustainable Indigenous Tourism Development within Japan,” by Associate Professor Mayumi Okada and Professor Johan Edelheim, Hokkaido University

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On Day Two of the Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity’s (GSI) Kick- Off Symposium (22 January 2022), the Human Ecology and Global Health Research Unit (HEGHRU) held an online seminar comprising members of the research unit and interested members of GSI. The seminar aimed to introduce the varying works and research interests of unit members and explore possible collaborations between them and towards GSI’s goals. The opening remarks shared by Prof. Taro Yamauchi (Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan), introduced the two main disciplines within the Unit: Global Health and Resource Management, citing the interdisciplinary core and nature of the unit. As an introductory seminar towards considering the unit’s contributions to GSI for its initial four years of operation, Prof. Yamauchi requested that focus be placed on not only defining the multi-disciplinary identity within the unit, but also the inter-disciplinary identity within GSI and finally, a transdisciplinary identity within society. For this purpose, the seminar was scheduled to have each of the nine unit members give a short presentation outlining their research works, interests and areas of likely contribution and collaboration followed by a time for discussion. The contents of the member presentations, brief discussion and overall conclusions have been summarized in this report.

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