Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics
Online ISSN : 1883-8014
Print ISSN : 1343-0130
ISSN-L : 1883-8014
27 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の21件中1~21を表示しています
Regular Papers
  • Dianjun Wang, Meng Xu, Ya Chen, Haoxiang Zhong, Yadong Zhu, Zilong Wan ...
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 135-142
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    To reduce the error of the odometer positioning system and improve the positioning accuracy of four-wheel-steering mobile robots, three types of coupling errors are considered, based on the University of Michigan Benchmark (UMBmark) method: unequal track width, unequal wheel diameter, and speed difference of ipsilateral wheels. A “dual direction square path experiment” is designed to decouple the error, a new system error model is defined, and an improved UMBmark method for a four-wheel mobile robot is proposed. In the mobile robot positioning system, a laser tracker is used to measure the absolute positions of the starting and ending points of the robot. The positioning test results of the robot using the improved UMBmark method show that the odometer system error is 69.103 mm, which is 2.6 times less than that in the traditional UMBmark method. Hence, the improved UMBmark can better compensate for the system error of four-wheel-steering mobile robots.

  • Xiuwu Nie, Kaihui Zhang
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 143-147
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    This study focused on the fast vehicle route optimization issue with carbon emission and time window constraints for on-time consumer demand based on the greedy approach. A greedy algorithm was established to rapidly plan the distribution route to obtain the lowest distribution cost and shortest distribution time to achieve a green distribution. The distribution cost model covering the costs of vehicle transportation time, time window deviation, fossil consumption, and PM2.5 emission was established based on on-time demand and green distribution characteristics. This study analyzed the milk distribution route for Guangxi A Diary Co., Ltd. based on the greedy algorithm. The results show that compared with the genetic algorithm, the algorithm running time is reduced by 2 s, although the greedy algorithm requires an additional cost of 21.73 CNY.

  • Toumi Ohara, Fumiya Kinoshita
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 148-153
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    In recent years, as eye movement measurement devices have become relatively cheap, many attempts have been made to quantitatively evaluate covert attention by focusing on microsaccades. However, the measurement of microsaccades still has many unclear points, and a unified analysis method is still lacking. As such, the interpretation of results differs among different research groups. To solve this problem, it is important to conduct empirical studies on microsaccades to evaluate them using a unified method. In this study, we conducted an empirical experiment on the effects of alcohol consumption on microsaccades by temporarily suppressing cerebellar activity with alcohol consumption. The results showed that the frequency of microsaccades was significantly reduced after 30, 50, and 70 min of drinking compared to after drinking (p< 0.05). These results suggest that the decrease in brain function caused by alcohol consumption suppresses the frequency of microsaccades, and that this may be the cause of constriction in the peripheral visual field when drinking.

  • Ming-Yun Kuo, Tsung-Kuo Tien-Liu, Wen-Lin Chang
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 154-164
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study investigated the relationship between passion for exercise, self-esteem, and well-being of participants of jogging activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between passion for exercise, self-esteem, and psychological well-being of participants with different backgrounds and determine whether self-esteem affects the relationship between participants’ passion for exercise and well-being. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 344 valid questionnaires were employed, which included 164 males and 180 females of the jogging activities held by Fu Jen Catholic University. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-difference correlation, regression, and other statistical methods were performed on the questionnaire to test the correlation between variables. Findings: (1) Different sexes had differences in obsessive passion, (2) different jogging groups had differences in obsessive passion, (3) different grades had differences in negative self-esteem, (4) different ages had harmonious passion, and there were differences in positive self-esteem, (5) the frequency of exercising with peers exhibited differences in psychological well-being and positive self-esteem, (6) there was a correlation between passion, psychological well-being, and self-esteem, and (7) positive self-esteem had a mediating effect on harmonious passion and psychological well-being. Conclusions: Participants of jogging activities are willing to spend time and effort in jogging activities, participate with an open and flexible attitude, and enjoy the process, thus improving positive self-evaluation and achieving a satisfied self-feel. Originality/value: There is less research on the relationship between passion and self-esteem in Taiwan. In addition, the authors not only found the relationship between passion, self-esteem, and psychological well-being from the data, but also found that self-esteem has a mediating effect on the relationship between passion and psychological well-being. Therefore, when organizing similar activities in the future, in addition to using attractive conditions that are more favorable to the participants, attention should be given to conditions that can enhance the self-worth of participants and increase the motivation and number of participants. In addition, participants performing activities with their peers will have more positive self-evaluations and feelings and happier and more satisfied.

  • Yongping Dan, Zhuo Li
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 165-172
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Recently, handwritten Chinese character recognition has become an important research field in computer vision. With the development of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in computer vision. However, CNNs are typically designed manually, which requires extensive experience and may lead to redundant computations. To solve these problems, in this study, the particle swarm optimization approach is incorporated into the design of a CNN for handwritten Chinese character recognition, reducing redundant computations in the network. In this approach, each network architecture is represented by a particle, and the optimal network architecture is determined by continuously updating the particles until a global particle is identified. The experimental validation resulted in a network accuracy of 97.24% with only 1.43 million network parameters. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the proposed particle swarm optimization method can quickly and accurately find the optimal network architecture.

  • Nozomu Ohta, Shin Kawai, Hajime Nobuhara
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 173-181
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    A capsule network (CapsNet) is a deep learning model for image classification that provides robustness to changes in the poses of objects in the images. A capsule is a vector whose direction represents the presence, position, size, and pose of an object. However, with CapsNet, the distribution of capsules is concentrated in a class, and the number of capsules increases with the number of classes. In addition, learning is computationally expensive for a CapsNet. We proposed a method to increase the diversity of capsule directions and decrease the computational cost of CapsNet training by allowing a single capsule to represent multiple object classes. To determine the distance between classes, we used an additive angular margin loss called ArcFace. To validate the proposed method, the distribution of the capsules was determined using principal component analysis to validate the proposed method. In addition, using the MNIST, fashion-MNIST, EMNIST, SVHN, and CIFAR-10 datasets, as well as the corresponding affine-transformed datasets, we determined the accuracy and training time of the proposed method and original CapsNet. The accuracy of the proposed method improved by 8.91% on the CIFAR-10 dataset, and the training time reduced by more than 19% for each dataset compared with those of the original CapsNets.

  • Vineetha Vijayan, K. P. Pushpalatha
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 182-189
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Drowsy driving is more hazardous than reckless driving. This study concentrates on capturing the behavioral features of drowsiness from facial images of a driver. The methodology considers scale invariant feature transform matched with the fast library for approximate nearest neighbors for low-level drowsy features extraction. These features are fused with the high-level features extracted from the convolutional layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN). The convolution operation incorporates a model parallelization technique to increase the efficiency of the training and improve the feature identification. Further classification is performed by considering the occurrences of visual words using the softmax layers of the CNN. In contrast to existing state-of-the-art models which require a few seconds to detect drowsiness, this model detects drowsiness in milliseconds. With the model parallelization approach, this model exhibits a high accuracy rate of 83.8% relative to normal CNNs.

  • Yankun Shen, Yaya Su, Lin Wang, Dongli Jia
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 190-197
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    In recent years, the use of deep learning in image inpainting has yielded positive results. However, existing image inpainting algorithms do not pay sufficient attention to the structural and textural features of the image when inpainting, which leads to issues in the inpainting results such as blurring and distortion. To solve the above problems, a channel attention mechanism was introduced to emphasize the importance of structure and texture after extraction by the convolutional network. A bidirectional gated feature fusion module was employed to exchange and fuse the structural and textural features, ensuring the overall consistency of the image. In addition, the features of the image were better captured by selecting a deformable convolution that can adapt the receptive field to replace the ordinary convolution in the contextual feature aggregation module. This resulted in highly vivid and realistic restoration results with more reasonable details. The experiments showed that, compared with the current mainstream network, the repair results of this algorithm were more realistic, and the superiority of this algorithm was proved by qualitative and quantitative experiments.

  • Wei Liu, Tao Zhang, Yun Ma, Longsheng Wei
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 198-206
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    In this study, we present a three-dimensional (3D) object detection algorithm based on monocular images by constructing an end-to-end network, that incorporates depth information. The entire network consists of three parts. The first part includes the basic object detection neural network as the main body, that uses the region proposal network to obtain the two-dimensional (2D) region proposal of the object. The second part is the depth estimation branch network, that obtains the depth information of the object pixels and calculates the corresponding 3D point cloud. In the last part, concatenated features obtained from the aforementioned two parts are fed into the fully-connected layers. Subsequently, 2D and 3D detection results are obtained. Compared with certain existing methods, the accuracy of the detection results is improved in this study.

  • Lin Wang, Lihong Li, Yaya Su
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 207-214
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Texture feature is an important visual cue for an image, which is the unified description of human visual attributes and sensory attributes. The inherent problem of texture image is that the difference of intra-class images is large and the disparity of inter-class images is small. This problem increases the difficulty of texture image recognition. Therefore, improving the relevance embedding of intra-class images can reduce the classification errors caused by this problem. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a multi-scale information fusion network algorithm, which adopts a cascade structure. It combines multi-scale feature information with the corresponding background information. The shallow background information guides the next stage of feature formation and enhances the similarity of intra-class images. The intra-class feature information obtained is more general. The algorithm has been tested on data sets describable texture database (DTD) and Flickr material dataset (FMD), which has achieved good results.

  • Hsiao-Chi Juan
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 215-222
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Following the education reform occurring worldwide, the professional learning community has been seen as a crucial factor in changing the teaching practice on site. However, empirical research has failed to deal with multicollinearity under a social context. This study examines the effect of curriculum development policy and leadership on the professional learning community of teachers. The regularized linear regression method is used to identify the precise effect on the professional learning community in two ways, i.e., ridge and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions. The results show that the main variance comes from teacher actions at the school level and that the collaborative sense of teachers has the most significant effect. This study contributes to existing knowledge on the professional learning of teachers by providing distinguished view of governance model.

  • Akinobu Sakata, Takamasa Kikuchi, Masaaki Kunigami, Atsushi Yoshikawa, ...
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 223-234
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    This study proposes a method for analyzing gaming simulation results. The gaming simulation we focus on intends to be played by both human and computer agent players. To extract the knowledge of what and how they have played, we must determine what type of decision-making process leads to specific scenarios. Such simulation results, however, tend to have so many branch factors of scenarios that it is hard to understand by manual operations. To deal with the issues, we have developed a method for obtaining the branch factors of scenarios from gaming simulation results. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method by identifying the branching factors of scenarios as follows. First, software agents were asked to play a gaming simulation for career education. Next, logs acquired through gaming were classified into multiple scenarios using machine learning techniques. Finally, decision-making factors separating the scenarios were identified using a decision tree.

  • Jundong Wu, Yawu Wang, Wenjun Ye, Jinhua She, Chun-Yi Su
    原稿種別: Review
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 235-242
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Liquid crystal elastomer is a type of soft material with unique physical and chemical properties that offer a variety of possibilities in the growing field of soft robot actuators. This type of material is able to exhibit large, revertible deformation under various external stimuli, including heat, electric or magnetic fields, light, etc., which may lead to a wide range of different applications such as bio-sensors, artificial muscles, optical devices, solar cell plants, etc. With these possibilities, it is important to establish modeling and control strategies for liquid crystal elastomer-based actuators, to obtain the accurate prediction and description of its physical dynamics. However, so far, existing studies on this type of the actuators mainly focus on material properties and fabrication, the state of art on the modeling and control of such actuators is still preliminary. To gain a better understanding on current studies of the topic from the control perspective, this review provides a brief collection on recent studies on the modeling and control of the liquid crystal elastomer-based soft robot actuator. The review will introduce the deformation mechanism of the actuator, as well as basic concepts. Existing studies on the modeling and control for the liquid crystal elastomer-based actuator will be organized and introduced to provide an overview in this field as well as future insights.

  • Lei Li, Yuemei Ren, Jinming Ma
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 243-250
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    It has been demonstrated that nuclear-norm-based low-rank representation is capable of modeling cluttered backgrounds in hyperspectral images (HSIs) for robust anomaly detection. However, minimizing the nuclear norm regularizes each singular value equally during rank reduction, which restricts the capacity and flexibility of modeling the major structures of the background. To address this problem, we propose detection of anomaly pixels in HSIs using the weighted nuclear norm, which can preserve the major singular values during rank reduction. We present a down-up sampling scheme to remove plausible anomaly pixels from the image as much as possible and learn a robust principal component analysis (PCA) background dictionary. From a dictionary, we develop a weighted nuclear-norm minimization model to represent the background with a low-rank coefficients matrix that can be effectively optimized using the standard alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Due to the flexible modeling capacity using the weighted nuclear norm, anomaly pixels can be distinguished from the background with the reconstruction error. The experimental results on two real HSIs datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for anomaly detection.

  • Shuping Lin, Wenhui Ma
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 251-258
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Compared with traditional finance, digital inclusive finance involves particular policies, different targeting, and wider coverage, plays a positive role in promoting the development of the real economy, and upgrades to industrial facilities. Based on the panel data of 288 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019, in this study, we empirically examined the impact of digital inclusive finance on upgrades to industrial structures. The experimental results showed a “U”-shaped nonlinear relationship between the development of digital inclusive finance and the upgrades to industrial structure. In particular, this conclusion remained valid after citing instrumental variables, replacing core explanatory variables, and performing other robustness tests. Furthermore, we used the threshold model to test the influence of digital inclusive finance on industrial structure upgrade, and observed a double threshold effect based on digital inclusive finance and local levels of economic development. Therefore, in the dynamic transformation towards digital inclusive finance and continuing economic development, the role of digital inclusive finance in promoting industrial structure upgrade continues to strengthen.

  • Tao He, Hui Li, Zeyu Cheng
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 259-270
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Underdetermined blind source separation has received increasing attention in recent years as an effective method for speech-signal processing. Hence, a self-organizing mapping-density peak clustering and compressed sensing approach, which is a two-step approach, is proposed herein to improve the accuracy of underdetermined blind source separation. The approach features the following two aspects: (1) A mixing matrix estimation method based on self-organizing mapping and density peak clustering, which can intuitively determine the number of source signals, remove outliers, and determine the column vector of the mixing matrix based on local density; (2) a compressed sensing-based source signal reconstruction method, which can exploit the sparsity of signals in the frequency domain and use a hierarchical coupling method to reconstruct the source signal accurately and efficiently under the premise that the prior knowledge of the signal is unknown. The proposed method does not require the number of source signals and exhibits excellent performance under different noise conditions. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  • Tsung-Yin Ou, Yi-Chen Lee, Tien-Hsiang Chang, Shih-Hsiung Lee, Wen-Lun ...
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 271-280
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    As shopping patterns have gradually shifted from offline to online mode, and with recent lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restricting foreign trade and accelerating the growth of the domestic economy, digital transformation has become a major strategy for many retailers to support and expand their businesses. With the pandemic becoming a turning point, the business of major e-commerce companies in Taiwan in the retail of dry goods has grown significantly, and it has driven the online sales of fresh products as well. In this era of fierce competition, it is especially important to find a way that enables consumers to quickly find ideal fresh products on multiple platforms, shortens the time for price comparison, and improves the efficiency of online shopping. This study uses the Python programming language to write a web crawler program that captures product information from fresh food e-commerce platforms, including product introduction, price, origin, and sales volume, and then defines the relevant status of the product, such as product popularity. Accordingly, through Chinese text segmentation and term-frequency calculation, it aims to classify the product names and introductions into frequently occurring words and use them as product-related labels. Finally, the program combines the product information processing results and product-related labels to construct an online fresh food recommendation system. The results of the proposed system show that it reduces the time and energy spent comparing prices. It can also guide consumers to browse products that may be of interest using relevant tags and increase consumption efficiency by helping them find the ideal item when shopping.

  • Yu-Ling Chen, Shihmin Lo, Jen-Son Cheng
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 281-291
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Objectives: In the past, an inherent dilemma in the education field was the difficulty in stimulating self-regulated learning. Flipped education, i.e., flipped teaching and learning, changed the teaching model, with a strategy of increasing students’ active learning during class time through a transformation of teaching and learning methods that enable students to build learning and knowledge on their own. This study investigates the impact of field-based flipped courses on college students taking up self-regulated learning and their learning performance. Methods: This study considers a national university in central Taiwan that adopts 34 field flipped teaching courses and 796 non-degree students from four colleges across all grades as the research objects, and conducts statistical analysis using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and regression analysis on questionnaires to evaluate the association among variables. Findings: 1. With respect to the understanding of the uniqueness of field-based flipped teaching before and after the courses, there were differences among students in the Colleges of Education, Humanities, and Management. 2. In terms of students’ learning performance in the course pertaining to mastery over core literacy, there were differences between students of the Colleges of Education and Humanities at the beginning of the flipped-learning course. 3. There were differences among the students of Colleges of Education, Humanities, and Science and Technology in the later stage of the flipped-learning course. 4. Differences were found in the pre-test of learning performance at the grade level. 5. Self-regulated learning correlated with learning performance. 6. Field-based flipped teaching correlated with learning performance. 7. Self-regulated learning had a mediating effect on field-based flipped teaching and learning performance. Innovations: There is a little systematic discussion on the emergence and impact of flipped teaching in higher education currently in Taiwan. The authors found correlations among flipped teaching, self-regulated learning, and learning performance from the data, as well as discovered that self-regulated learning had a mediating effect on learning performance in field-based flipped teaching. Value: Making the university, when the curriculum arrangement and the development of the unique curriculum map of higher education in the future, possible to be linked with the local revitalization thinking in addition to the general curriculum, as well as being closely integrated with the local people and matters through field-flipped courses, and sustainably interacting therewith to practice university social responsibility.

  • Jianbin He, Wenlan Qiu, Jianping Cai
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 292-303
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    The synchronization of master-slave hyperchaotic systems is investigated by intermittent control and proved by the Lyapunov stable theory. Meanwhile, a new secure communication scheme is designed for the continuous and digital information. The encrypted information is transmitted to receiver through the intermittent controller, which reduces the disturbance to the synchronization of master-slave systems and improves the security and reliability of secure communication. Before transmitting to the receiver, the continuous signal is firstly modulated and masked by the chaotic signals. Furthermore, an encryption algorithm for the digital information of color image is proposed by the pseudo-random sequences of Chen hyperchaotic system, and then the encrypted image is modulated and masked by the variables of the master system. The original image can be decrypted successfully at the receiving end after the slave system is synchronized with the master system. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this scheme are verified by simulation experiments. In addition, the security analysis of the image encryption algorithm is also discussed, such as key sensitivity, correlation coefficient, NIST test, and return map.

  • Lili Feng, Jun Peng, Zhaojun Huang
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 304-313
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Blast furnace gas (BFG) is an important secondary energy in the iron and steel industries, and its efficient and reasonable utilization is the key to improving the economic efficiency of enterprises and the level of energy conservation and emission reduction. Aiming at the problems of difficult accurate modeling on the generation process and difficult prediction of real-time flow, this paper proposes a generation prediction model based on spectrum decomposition. Firstly, the major chemical reactions, production process, and data characteristics of blast furnace are analyzed, and the input variables for the prediction model are reasonably selected based on the correlation analysis results. Then, according to the spectrum characteristics, the BFG data is decomposed into low-frequency and medium-frequency parts by two finite impulse response filters. Next, for the low- and middle-frequency components of data, a low-frequency component prediction model based on the support vector regression, and a middle-frequency component prediction model based on the Elman neural network (ENN) are designed respectively. Finally, we decompose the spectrum of the actual industrial production data and find that the spectrum of the decomposed data basically meets the expected target, which verifies the effectiveness of the finite impulse response filters. In addition, we compare the prediction effect of the designed combined model with other models, such as the support vector regression, the back-propagation neural network, and the ENN. The final experimental results show the correctness, effectiveness, and superiority of the combined model and the spectral decomposition method proposed in this paper.

  • Jie Huang, Chengda Lu, Luefeng Chen, Quanxin Li, Wangnian Li, Hongchao ...
    原稿種別: Research Paper
    2023 年27 巻2 号 p. 314-321
    発行日: 2023/03/20
    公開日: 2023/03/20
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    During the drilling process, horizontal drill strings are often subject to stick-slip and back-pressure phenomena, which undermine drilling safety and affect drilling costs. However, most of the models proposed in the existing literature apply only to the analysis of the drill string motion state and are irrelevant to the rotary drilling process in coal mines. This paper presents a lumped-mass model of a drill string in a horizontal coal mine well. First, based on reasonable assumptions, the drill-string system was considered as four lumped-mass units. The lateral-torsional dynamics model was established based on the Lagrange dynamics theory. Further, combined with lateral movement, the intermittent contact between the drill string and borehole wall is described, and the friction torque due to this intermittent contact is calculated. Combined with the Karnopp bit-rock interaction, a drill-string dynamics model of horizontal wells that considers intermittent contact friction was developed. The proposed horizontal well drill-string model is more suitable for rotary drilling in a coal mine, and the nonlinear influencing factors are considered more comprehensive.

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