In 1990^th, endodontic therapy using Microscope was started in USA. In 1998, the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) elected to mandate that all endodontic postgraduate students demonstrate proficiency using an Operating Microscope before they receive their certificates. Also, recently Microscope was used for endodontic therapy in Japan. However, there is no information about how it is used for education nor how many dentists use Microscopes. Seventeenth questionnaire had sent to the department of Endodontics by Japan association of Microscopic Dentistry (JAMD) in 2008. In the results, Microscopic education and treatment were not popular yet in Japan.

The implementation of microsurgical protocols (using a combination of dental operating microscopes, micro-instruments and the visual guidance for plastic microsurgery) in Perio-Prosth Microdentistry procedures have been reported clinically, but there has been little scientific objective evidence to support the clinical observations and conclusions presented.

A research project was designed to study various factors affecting rapid wound healing of oral mucosa and connective tissue with Periodontal Microsurgery. The healing periods and the healing processes of soft tissues were objectively tested. This research has made from three parts; 1) Biochemical wound healing study, 2) Histological and clinical observation in mucosa wound healing study, and 3) Histological and clinical observation in wound healing with hydration study.

Appropriate soft tissue management around implants plays a significant role in Implant Dentistry. To obtain an ideal aesthetic result around an implant, a thick soft tissue biotype is ideally needed as it retains the natural gingival contours and promotes good blood circulation, helping to maintain the bone level.¹ According to Dr. J.L. Wennström, thick tissue is necessary to obtain an adequate gingival height of around implants.^2,3 Unlike natural teeth that are attached to surrounding gingiva by cementum and fibers, implants lack any attachment to the surrounding soft tissue. Implant placement, in an area where there is a deficit of either soft or hard tissue, will result in esthetic compromise if ridge augmentation with either a connective tissue graft (CTG) and/or hard tissue augmentation (HTA) is not utilized. Thus, to obtain a superior esthetic result, good tissue management around implants is necessary. To create a natural and esthetic tissue result around an implant, it is very important to properly manage the implant placement, the abutment choice, and the subgingival and coronal shapes of both the provisional and final design of the implant restoration.

Microscopes were implemented into dentistry in the early 1990s in the United States and one of its first usages was at Tokyo Dental College in 1993. In March 2006, microscopes were implemented in the clinical rotations curriculum of the Chiba Hospital Department of General Dentistry, a clinical training site of Tokyo Dental College. Here, we report the contents of the curriculum and the results of the use of microscope at clinical rotations which includes 111 microscope-assisted clinical cases over a 3-year period (March2006 to February 2009). The use of microscopes other than endodontic treatment is recommended in dentistry.

Lately, favorable results are seen in many esthetic cases with minimally invasive techniques. This became possible due to the development of biomimetics, advancement in bonding technique, and treatment using the problem-based approach. In addition, the use of microscope has allowed us to obtain precise and predictable outcomes. Using my clinical cases, the use and effectiveness of the microscope in direct composite, porcelain bonded restorations and crown restoration in esthetic dentistry will be discussed.

Early occlusal or hidden caries is generally difficult to detect. A visual examination is augmented with a number of diagnostic aids. The most common aid is radiography either conventional or digital, with or without enhancement. Less commonly used are laser fluorescent devices, fiber optic transillumination devices, electrical resistance devices and caries detector dyes. This article demonstrates the efficacy of a light induced fluorescence evaluator for diagnosis and treatment using SoproLife, SOPRO, Acteon Imaging at various clinical stages of caries formation. Clinical photos before and after intervention are compared using 50X magnification. The case reports show the importance of imaging with the camera during progressive caries removal. To assure the proper diagnosis and complete removal of the caries, the light induced fluorescence evaluator should be used along with visual inspection and radiography.