This study investigated differences between the grade of children in road-crossing behavior when they were trained for acquiring road-crossing skills.　Two hundred and two children aged 6 to 10 participated in this study.　All children were asked to observe a good performance of road crossing as shown by an instructor at a T-shaped intersection with bad visibility on the right side, made in the school playground or gymnasium.　The children were also required to cross the road at the intersection by following the instructor’s model.　Children’s crossing behavior was recorded individually by video cameras and analyzed in each grade of a primary school.　The results showed that the first and second grade children aged 6 to 8 did not look more a longer time than the third and fourth ones aged in 8 to 10, and only 34% of the first grade could cross the road when they recognized that there was no simulated vehicle near the intersection.　Children in the first and third grades of primary school did not tend to look around over and over again.　The findings are discussed in terms of effective learning for younger children to acquire road crossing skills.

Pedestrians have insufficient opportunities and safety when crossing a road at a crosswalk without signals because many drivers do not yield the right of way to them.　This study specifically examined pedestrian-driver communications to resolve that difficulty.　An on-site interview survey with pedestrians was conducted with two field experiments to ascertain the actual conditions of pedestrian-driver communications at crosswalks without signals and to assess effects of driver hand gestures on pedestrian behavior.　Interview survey results revealed that the aim of pedestrian signs to drivers were not so much to get a driver to yield as to express their gratitude for the driver’s yield.　Pedestrians used driver signs given to them as important information for the decision to begin crossing.　Field experiment results suggest that if drivers make a hand gesture to promote crossing by pedestrians, pedestrians can make a decision to begin crossing more quickly, reducing the time lost by both pedestrians and drivers.　Driver motivation to yield to pedestrians and to improve pedestrian opportunities and safety when crossing roads at crosswalks without signals might be raised by facilitating pedestrian-driver communications using gestures.