Effective community-based traffic safety education was examined by empirically analyzing the structure of risk perception of residents regarding road traffic accidents in their neighborhood based on questionnaire in three government-ordinance-designated cities. Moreover, a new countermeasure was proposed by examining the characteristics of risk perception of residents and analyzing the efficiency of traffic education. The structure of risk perception was examined considering relative evaluation of risk levels in the cities and structural evaluation of cognitive bias by comparing subjective and objective risks. The proposed countermeasure is to change the risk perception of residents at social and individual levels by sharing information among the concerned parties. The analysis and methods used in this study would be useful strategies for developing community-basedtraffic safety education.