Using the National Survey on Lifestyle Preferences, we investigate age effects on happiness, satisfaction, and stress. The age effect in a single cross-section confounds the age effect with the cohort effect. Without cohort and year effects, the age effect on happiness and satisfaction is U-shaped with the nadir located in the 40s and the age effect on stress is downward sloping, which means we become less stressful as we get older. With cohort and year effects, however, the age effect on happiness is downward sloping and the age effect on stress is upward sloping, while the age effect on satisfaction remains U-shaped. When we explicitly consider each trend of effects, the age effect on happiness is U-shaped and the age effect on stress is an inverted U-shaped.

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This paper estimates the factors affecting the relationship between the wins and losses of corporate sports club teams and the work morale of employees, using an original survey of employees from a selected Japanese automobile maker. We find that corporate sports club teams' performance is an important factor influencing the work morale of older employees and employees who work with colleagues belonging to those teams in the same division. We can say statistically that the impacts of teams' wins and losses on changes in work morale of older employees at the individual level are symmetric; that is, the work morale of employees is significantly raised by own teams' wins but reduced by own teams' losses.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This paper reveals the process of solving a time discounting task with eye tracking. There is a hypothesis that time discounting anomalies such as present bias result not from calculating present discount values of smaller-earlier and larger-later rewards, but from separately comparing attributes such as the timing of receipts and the amounts of rewards. However, our eye movement data show that the proportion of saccades when comparing each option holistically, which implies subjects calculate present discount values, is significant large and is nearly equal to that of saccades when comparing attributes separately. The saccade comparing an earlier option holistically is initially a high likelihood, and then the saccades gradually combine the saccades comparing each option holistically with the saccades comparing attributes separately at the same likelihood. Combining our experimental results and previous research, we support the attention-focusing hypothesis, which implies that when the timing of receipts is written as a delay, subjects are more prone to calculate the discounting rate than when it is written as a date.

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[in Japanese]

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In this study, we conducted a real-effort laboratory experiment to investigate the relationship between income and giving. In our experiment, subjects in the first round solved mazes in a piece-rate scheme and, in the second round, they solved mazes either in a four-player tournament or in a piece-rate scheme and then gave a part of their earnings to the other group members. The results revealed that an individual player's giving increases as the player's reward increases and the other players' reward decreases. This finding contrasts with the study conducted by Erkal et al. (2011) in which players ranked second in a four-player tournament gave more than those ranked first. We also observed that egalitarianism, as measured by a post-experiment questionnaire, is positively associated with giving, and has no relationship with increase in performance from the first to the second round. From these results, we conclude that selection based on other-regarding preferences either does not occur or it occurs but not always in the same direction.

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[in Japanese]

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The main purpose of this paper is to study how the individual differences in implicit worldviews regarding categories versus relationships affect altruistic behavior towards parents, children and non-family members, using the survey data of Korea, Japan and the US. We found international differences that are consistent with Nisbett's theory that Easterners tend to use relationships more than categories compared with Westerners. We found statistically significant effects of implicit worldviews on some altruistic behaviors. We also found confidence in spiritual beliefs in explicit worldviews have significant effects on some altruistic behaviors.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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