This paper examines the impact of compact city policies in regional urban areas on administrative costs, focusing on Sakata City, Yamagata, Japan. Using publicly available datasets and data obtained from the municipal government through information disclosure requests, we calculated the costs related to public services (e.g., infrastructure maintenance and garbage collection) and estimated the per-capita costs for each section or block. We find that the costs are higher in suburban areas than in urban areas, indicating the cost-reduction effects of compact city policies.

This paper aims to examine through several empirical analyses whether such geopolitical risks as Brexit and European sovereign debt crisis bring any change to listed companies in the UK. By utilizing financial data, we compare financing behaviors of the IPO companies and long-term listed companies and show that long-term listed companies have been more likely to adjust their financing behavior under the geopolitical risk through innovating corporate governance in Britain.

This paper constructs a structural equation model that explicitly includes heterogeneous labor markets and evaluates the impact of minimum wage increases on wages, employment, etc. According to a model that divides the labor market into company size and regular/non-regular employment, raising the minimum wage will significantly reduce non-regular employment, but there are differences depending on company size, with employment decreasing in small companies and increasing in large companies. It has been found that setting progressively higher minimum wages for large companies could reduce unemployment and increase wages.

This study uses the scale of industry-academia collaboration between universities and local companies and the proportion of regional collaboration in the total industry-academia collaboration as objective variables, based on the results of the industry-academia collaboration policy announced by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the effects on these indicators. We considered external factors such as the local economy and internal system factors such as universities as explanatory variables. The results showed that industry-university collaboration within a region is influenced by both external and internal factors, but internal factors have a particularly large influence.