Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication
Online ISSN : 2188-8027
ISSN-L : 2188-8027
Volume 2, Issue 75
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
THE 15TH ASIAN REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
15. Case histories
  • Ching Guan Kee
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2565-2570
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Deep foundation bored piles are normally adopted for the foundation system at Marina Bay area in Singapore. The geological formation in this area is very challenging for the underground construction. Currently, there are numbers of high-rise buildings in this area and would have many more in the future as shown in the government’s Master Plan. Therefore, an effective and innovative method to design the pile foundation safely and environmental friendly has to be developed. In this paper, the author describes the effects of base grouting and deep cement mixing (DCM) on the pile performance at Marina Bay Financial Centre (MBFC). The results show that base grouted piles are well performed in the pile toe movement and mobilised skin friction at the bottom section of the pile. Soil improvement works are usually needed for the deep basement excavation for the earth retaining structure at Marina Bay area and DCM is normally adopted. The thickness various from 5m to 7m and is usually founded in the reclaimed sand or soft marine clay layer. The effects of DCM on the mobilised skin friction of pile cannot be ignored. The effects of construction methods using Bentonite and Polymer are also discussed. Installation of bored piles using bentonite method would be much faster than polymer. However, the bentonite might cause the reduction of shaft skin friction. It has to be taken care to avoid it during construction. A study of the geotechnical design parameters for deep foundation bored piles in various types of soil formations in Singapore is presented. The data would be useful for the practitioners to provide a practical and economical bored piles design.
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  • T.S. Yang, N.J. Yoo, S.H. Hong, T.H. Kim
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2571-2574
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Applying the super high-rise building design in geotechnical conditions is gradually increasing, and foundation types are evaluated under the condtions of economic and stable concepts to support this high load with safety. The foundation of a high-rise building is displaced by the building load, which influences the behavior of a super structure in reverse. In this aspect, the structural interaction analysis between a foundation and a super structure is necessary. In this study, the relationship of a superstructure of building and a foundation has been reviewed, considering the tendency of design from a capacity driven design to a performance design. The different case studies have been introduced to help understand this relationship in more specific, the first case is the high rise building founded on a raft system on rock and the second is that on piles on soft ground condition. In this study, a database for deciding the measured-to-predicted geotechnical parameters of foundation types in several soil deposit conditions is reviewed such as laboratory to in-situ tests. For this, the pile diameter, raft foundation depth, and the representative unconfined compressive strength of rock are investigated also to be the primary affecting factors on the building conditions. Based on the results of these investigations, it is shown that the prediction of the settlement, bearing capacity and pile installations in the mat is modified in the analysis with considering interface behavior in comparison with the analysis considering interface between mat and rock mass under the soil deposit conditions. Uncertainty of the measured-to-predicted geotechnical parameters associated with decision of foundation types also should be assessed in the future.
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  • T.A. Ooi, C.H. Tee, C.B. Chan
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2575-2580
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In early 1970s in Malaysia many piled bridge abutments on soft ground experienced failures during earth embankment construction. The Public Works Department (PWD) issued a directive to construct the earth embankment first with surcharge load before the piled bridge abutment was built. This simple procedure and precaution eliminated the incidences of bridge abutment failures for at least 10 years. In 1980s a bridge abutment failed again with an embankment height of 7m under similar soft ground conditions when the PWD directive was not followed. The concept of construction of the embankment first was principally to eliminate significant settlement and lateral movement of the soft ground before the construction of the piled bridge abutment. Damages to piles and foundation can occur as a result of lateral soil pressure and soil movements. This aspect of risk and mitigation of failure has often time been ignored by the designer and supervising engineer alike. In 1993 the 12-storey Block 1 Highland Towers collapse was also due to the lateral soil pressure exerted by the culmination of falling earth fill from retrogressive landslides behind the building causing the old used rail piles that was used as building foundation to yield and sheared off. This paper examines some recent cases of failures due to lateral soil pressure and their rehabilitation. Vacuum consolidation offers good remedial solution to unstable ground with bridge abutment.
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  • K.H. Yi, S.Y.Marcus Tong
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2581-2584
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Over the last 2 decades, there is a huge development in Singapore’s Rail Infrastructure projects. Downtown Line 2 (DTL2) is part of this major rail network. This paper will focus on the construction of 4 mined cross passages work for one of the contract under DTL2. As the cross passages were located in very high permeable soft ground condition mining for the cross passages pose huge challenges. In addition, the allowable settlement in this project was very stringent as the construction was located underneath a busy 6 lanes road with congested utilities. The construction was also in close proximity to high rise residential area. This paper will discuss the construction difficulties encountered on site related to face stability, basal heave, water ingress and the distortion of cross passage lining and how these construction difficulties were overcome during construction stage without causing major impact to the surrounding road, utilities and building structures.
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  • Katsuhiro Nishimura, Yukihiko Kani, Kiyoshi Hayakawa
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2585-2590
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the geological ground condition of the Kakamigahara plateau in Japan, and paid attention to the remains on the area. In the long history, the distribution of remains changed. By considering the background, it showed a interesting relation with people and the ground. It was revealed how people built colony, mounded tombs, religion facilities, highways for security and a purpose in the long history.
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  • Noriaki Nakajima, Kenichi Sato, Takuro Fujikawa
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2591-2595
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and accompanying tsunami presented various geotechnical engineering issues. This paper discussed the separation of disaster waste. As a result, it is evident that the rotary crushing and mixing method can enhance the effectiveness of the separation process where soil and waste that is firmly attached to the waste or debris are ground down and pulverized (granulated) using power-driven chains to carry out the intended separation.
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  • J.L. Deng, Q. Xu, L.Z. Chen, J. Koseki, S.L. Shen
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2596-2599
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The sliding mass of Tangjiashan Landslide in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake moved more than 350 m (toe part) horizontally. Based on the field investigation, peak and residual strength of rock (strictly, rock discontinuities) were evaluated. Then, the displacement was calculated using extended Newmark and Janbu method (extended NJ method). In order to give a rapid evaluation of displacement in field, more attention was paid on the effect of strength decrease of rock during sliding. The result shows that if the strength did not decrease largely after a short displacement, the displacement would be much less than the actual displacement during the earthquake. In addition, the sliding duration was significantly affected by the minimum value of displacement for the residual state.
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  • Biwei Gong, Zhanlin Cheng, Jun Tong, Jun Liu, Ming Liu
    2016 Volume 2 Issue 75 Pages 2600-2605
    Published: January 31, 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The south to North Water Diversion Project is the most magnificent Chinese water diversion project, the project includes eastern, central and west routes, of which the total length of mid-route canal is about 1200 km. majority of the channel is the open canal, partly with the culvert, crossing river by the aqueduct or tunnel. The channel goes across China's Yangtze River, the Yellow River, Huaihe, Haihe River. There are expansive rock and soil, loess, easy-liquefied sand and other special soil (rock) area along the channel with complicated engineering geological condition. The accumulative total length involved the expansive soil (rock) area is about 340km. Due to the special engineering properties of the expansive soil (rock), it is very vulnerable to slope instability with a great impact on the safe operation of the project. Therefore, the treatment of the expansive soil (rock) is one of the main technical problems in the South to North Water Diversion project. To study the failure mode and stability mechanism of the expansive soil channel slope, typical channel slopes with the respective length of 2.05km and 1.5km were selected to conduct the field test studies for 3 years. The selected slope were preinstalled inclinometer, slope displacement meter, water content and suction probe, et al. To reveal the mechanism of instability of slope of expansive soil channel. Field experiment shows that: the expansive soil slope instability has two patterns of failure modes, one is the instability induced by the expansive deformation, and another is the instability controlled by fissure strength. In order to guarantee the stability of expansive soil slope, it is essential to identify the different failure modes in the design analysis.
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