巻号一覧
35 巻 (2006)
- 1-2 号 p. 1-
35 巻, 1-2 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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KIKUE HIDAKA, KATSUKO KAMIYA2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 1-10
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe objective of this study was to compare three approaches for a caregiver to raise an elderly person from a Japanese traditional futon mattress placed directly on the floor. These approaches are as follows: raising from behind with the support of the back (method A); straight raising of the trunk (method B), and raising through the use of the caregiver's own rotational motion (method C). The methods were evaluated from the perspective of caregivers and care recipients. The caregivers were 12 nurses and the recipients were 40 elderly persons. Heart rate, surface electromyography and subjective evaluation of physical burden and ease of performance were evaluated in the caregivers, and "stability", "discomfort" and choice of the best method were evaluated subjectively by the elderly persons. The results indicated that method A caused more stress on the lumbar region of caregivers and was more difficult to perform than methods B and C. No significant difference in physical burden was found between methods B and C; however, method C had a lower physical burden and could be performed with ease. For care recipients, the approaches of choice were methods A and C; many preferred method C, while desirable methods of care varied between individuals and lifestyle and mental factors played a role in this decision.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2841K) -
TERUO UETAKE, MASAHIRO SHIMODA2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 11-19
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effective use of stanchions and handrails in buses. We constructed experimental equipment resembling bus stanchions and handrails and examined the grip and hold strength exerted when used. The total number of subjects was 80: 30 elderly and 19 young males, and 22 elderly and 9 young females.The experimental equipment comprised four parts: a handle part to imitate safety devices in buses such as stanchions, handrails, and straps, which was pulled by a winch at a constant speed; and a load cell wired with an analyzing processor, which output the strength exerted. The handle part was designed to measure grip and hold strengths against pulling forces in three directions, that is, forward, in the direction of the back of the hand, and in the direction of the palm.The subjects were asked to grasp the handle part against a pulling force. The maximum grip and hold strengths were recorded and analyzed. The strengths when pulled forward were the largest independent of the sex and age of the subjects. The results indicate that standing bus passengers should grip the fixtures, such as a stanchion, with their right hand when they are standing on the right side in a bus facing the windows.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7547K) -
HIROSHI NAITO, TOSHIAKI MIURA, TAKAHIKO KIMURA2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 21-29
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated how visual attentional resources are allocated during reaching movements. Particularly, this study examined whether or not the direction of the reaching movement affected visual attention resource allocation. Participants held a stylus pen to reach their hand toward a target stimulus on a graphics tablet as quickly and accurately as possible. The direction of the hand movement was either from near to far space or the reverse. They observed visual stimuli and a cursor, which represented the hand position, on a perpendicularly positioned display, instead of directly seeing their hand movements. Regardless of the movement direction, the participants tended with quickly responding to the target stimuli located far from the start position as compared with those located near to the start position. These results led us to conclude that attentional resources were preferentially allocated in the areas far from the start position of reaching movements. These findings may provide important information for basic research on attention, but also contribute to a decrease of human errors in manipulation tasks performed with visual feedback on visual display terminals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1421K) -
ANDAR BAGUS SRIWARNO, YOSHIHIRO SHIMOMURA, KOICHI IWANAGA, TETSUO KATS ...2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 31-39
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIndonesians commonly perform activities on the floor that require squatting postures. It has been identified that adopting squatting postures without any proper support would gradually cause postural stress. This study examines the influence of different squatting heights to the body kinematics and subjective discomfort rating. The subjects were divided into two different body types: overweight subjects with BMI>24.9 and normal weight subjects with BMI 18-24.9. The subjects adopted a squatting posture at no-stool condition and at the stool height of 10, 15, and 20 cm. The task was to simulate the work close to the ground level with the hip joint deeply flexed. Body segmental angular flexion (SAF) and the visual analog scale (VAS) method were selected for parameter analyses. Significant differences were found in both parameters SAF (trunk, hip, knee, and ankle) and VAS. The interaction effect was found by squatting height and the body type for SAF of the trunk (p<0.05). However, the increasing BMI index was also found significantly affected associated with the anthropometrical characteristics for buttock height and lower limbs depth. It is suggested that normal weight subjects sit comfortably at 15 cm stool height, whereas overweight subjects preferred 20 cm stool height as a better acceptability condition in terms of overall parameter analyses.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4614K) -
NETAI CHANDRA, AMALENDU SAMANTA, RATNADEEP SARA2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 41-44
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCardiovascular load of underground shovelers was assessed in terms of heart rate changes at work in haulage coalmines. Twenty underground shovelers of two different age groups (those of age 31-39 and those of age 40-49) served as subjects. Working heart rate was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the older group (138.2 beats/min) than in the younger group (130.4 beats/min). Though the net cardiac cost did not differ significantly between the groups (64.8 beats/min and 69.4 beats/min in younger and older groups, respectively), difference in the relative cardiac cost (54.17% and 64.86% in younger and older groups, respectively) proved to be highly significant (p<0.001). The heart rate up to the third minute of recovery showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.01). While analysis of physiological responses indicated that the task was very strenuous irrespective of age, cardiac strain was found to be more excessive in the older subjects if continued. The arduous nature of the working environment in the coalfaces was also reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (466K) -
MD B. SARDER, SHEIK N. IMRHAN, NABEEL MANDAHAWI2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 45-51
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2011/02/23
ジャーナル フリーA large number of establishments in the garment industries of the world are situated in the southeastern part of Asia where labor is plentiful and cheap. Recent reports and observational studies suggest that employees in this industry often work under difficult conditions that are unacceptable in industrialized countries. This paper reports the results of an ergonomic study in an export garment manufacturing plant in South East Asia to evaluate the working conditions of the plant from an ergonomics/human factors perspective and to suggest possible solutions to management for implementation. The investigation was done by a questionnaire survey and by observations and measurements in the workplace. The results indicated that the plant conditions were stressful, involving long work hours with poor safety and labor relations, and that work equipment and the physical workplace design were acceptable ergonomic practices. A low-cost solution, presented to management by the investigators, was implemented and, over a period of six months, seemed to be the dominant reason for significant improvements in throughput (14.6%), reduction in absenteeism (65%), job satisfaction (40%), decrease in employee turnover (75%), and reduction in health complaints (50%).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2587K) -
人類働態学会2006 年 35 巻 1-2 号 p. 53-59
発行日: 2006/12/15
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (813K)
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