Seven young female subjects first stayed in the recovery room at 24℃, and then moved to the adjacent room of which temperature was controlled at 18℃, 15℃ and 12℃ at each occasion. The subjects stayed in the cold room for the designated time periods and moved to the recovery room. This procedure was repeated for 4 times. Exposure time was derived that the product of an exposure time multiplied by a temperature difference is to be equal. The magnitude of stress due to repeated exposure to the cold was evaluated from psychological and physiological responses. The results indicated that magnitude of stress increased with exposure time during the first and second exposure but increased with temperature difference during the product of an exposure time multiplied by a temperature difference during the third or fourth exposure.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the diffusion state of odor of aromatic and to clarify the influence on the odor component and quality due to the difference in use period. We evaluated the odor by the olfactory measurement method, the sniffing GCMS and gas sensors. Gas sensors were used to clarify the indoor diffusion behavior of the odor. As results of the odor intensity and odor concentration, the value of the aromatic used for 4 weeks was lower than the new one. In the description of the impression of odor, as time passed, it became an abstract expression such as “oil-like” from concrete expression such as “lemon” “tree”. The odor component analysis using odor sniffing GCMS revealed that the area value of many chemical substances decreased for 4 weeks of use rather than new products, but the area values of hexanal and benzyl alcohol increased.

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A mountain region, plains, a basin and a coast are chosen targeted for Miyazaki prefecture where the rich civilization-like condition mixes with the natural condition, The objective of this paper is to verify what the element of the facade design in buffer zone in a traditional house by the area special quality in that area. The elements in a buffer zone of the traditional house was selected for 7 areas of Miyazaki and Their occurring frequency were measured. The classification based on this data was tried. This was compared with area classification by the climate condition. The strong correlation was found during the result between them.

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In recent years, many nursery schools have been established in urban areas of Japan, because many children are still on waiting lists of nursery schools. They have to shut the windows and use air purifiers because they are located along main roads or in commercial buildings. Appropriate counter measures against ventilation and indoor air quality are required for such nursery schools. In this research, focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOC) and organic aerosols, the actual condition of the TVOC value and the ventilation situation of nursery schools in urban area were measured. The indoor concentrations of limonene and ozone being the secondary source of organic aerosol were also clarified. As Limonene concentration was confirmed at the maximum of 3 μg /m3 , the possibility of organic aerosol generation seems to be low. However, because nursery schools with high ozone concentration were confirmed, it is necessary to continue investigating other terpenes in the future.

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The effects in wearing ventilated work wear (VWW) and four work hour zones (AM1, AM2, PM1, PM2) were investigated. We analyzed relation between water loss and skin temperature by measuring averaged heart rate (HR), skin temperature at some parts, mean skin temperature fluctuations. Five construction workers were recruited to this study and data were collected in their working hours at construction site in Tokyo for two days in August when the summer heat environment is severe. Skin temperature on thigh with VWW was higher than that without VWW. In the PM1, the averaged evaporative rate was the highest among four work hour zones because averaged mean temperature was the highest, and the averaged HR also became the highest. Impact of VWW on the convalescent amount of dehydration by the water supplement at breaks including lunch time contributed the dehydration ratio at the time of end of working hours.

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: The effects in wearing ventilated work wear (VWW) and work hours were investigated. We measured water loss and skin temperatureof nine formworkers performing simulated construction work in an artificial climate chamber at controlled room temperatures of 34℃.It was measured that skin temperatures on thigh and lower leg with VWW was significantly higher than that without VWW, that was accord with the result that the contraction of peripherical blood was prevented by lowering dehydration with VWW. Evaporation rate (ER) and the rate of body weight less (BWL) in the afternoon were higher than those in the morning. By measurements, it is evaluated that amounts of dehydration by BWL were about 20% with VWW and about 50% without VWW higher than those by ER, respectively

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To evaluate the effect of Ventilated Working Wear (VWW) on physiological and psychological responses of construction workers, skin temperature, weight loss, etc. of plumbers and electric workers were measured at indoor construction site in Shizuoka. No difference was observed in activity level (2.06METs) and heart rate (106.5bpm) between workers wearing/not wearing VWW. Wearing VWW caused reduction in back skin temperature and increase in lower leg skin temperature.As a result, there was no difference in mean skin temperature of workers wearing/not wearing VWW. The average evaporative rate obtained from the weight loss before and after working hour was 146g/(m2h), and no difference was observed in the evaporation rate between workers wearing/not wearingVWW.

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Using a sweating manikin, heat resistance and evaporative heat resistance of ventilated work wear on the market was measured. Fan intensities are five stages, they are 0 (none), 1 (weak), 2, 3, and 4 (strong). As a result, follow the large cooling fan the fan intensity, air flow would be large in stages, but heat resistance fan strength one-between the two increases the cooling effect was in. On the other hand, the evaporative heat resistance was decreased using fan. A large cooling effect was not seen in the forearm. Fan location should be more studied.

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For an uninhabited semi-underground dwelling unit, it was show that the ground moisture moved to the room air through concrete walls and the room air humidify became higher in winter and that condensation on the window occurred due to it. In this paper the influences of increase in ventilation rate in winter and addition of water-proofing membrane to the inner side of concrete wall on the ground were studied by using an analytical model of heat and moisture transfer considering the influence of the ground moisture. When ventilation rate is increased to 1.0 (1/h) in winter, condensation on the window surface in the room does not occur in winter. In addition, it is possible to block the migration of moisture from the ground to the room air and to reduce the relative humidity in the room by 20% by adding the waterproof membrane to the inner side of walls on the underground wall, with the increase in the risk of condensation on the wall surface in summer acceptable.

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We developed an experimental approach to evaluate the influence of color temperature on fatigue, visibility, and work efficiency and verified whether age differences influence the fatigue-reducing effects of changes in color temperature such as circadian rhythm. The subjects included 16 young men and women and 12 middle-aged and elderly men and women who were exposed to 3 different color temperature settings. During the experiment, subjects performed tasks on a PC, and their physiological and psychological responses, degree of fatigue, and degree of visibility before and after the task were measured in the morning, noon, and evening. The visibility was measured by having subjects select the Landolt rings with openings in a specified direction on paper; a total of 8 sheets included 100 rings were used, and the rings differed in terms of size and contrast. The results are shown below. 1. The younger subjects; As the Landolt rings decreased in size and had lower contrast, the number of searches decreased. However, the percentage of correct answers was about 90% or more for all Landolt types. 2. In the middle-aged and elderly subjects; The number of the Landolt ring searches was lower for smaller rings with low contrast. Meanwhile, there was a difference in the correct answer rate, depending on the type of the Landolt rings. However, the type of the Landolt rings with correct answer rates of 80% or more was largest number in the condition of the color temperature changes that were most similar to consideration the circadian rhythms.

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Air movement in the building should be planned from the viewpoint of indoor thermal environment and air quality. However, measurement of air flow distribution of a whole building is difficult. In this study, one welfare facility for elderly was studied. The air distribution of the whole building and carbon dioxide concentration distribution were analyzed based on multiple interzonal airflows dynamics with the effective opening area, the room volume, the distribution of residents determined from field survey and drawing information. By comparing the calculated values with the measured, the validity of the model was examined. In addition, by using the model it was shown that the relative humidity increase and heat loss decrease can be achieved without significant increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide by changing the operation of kitchen fan.

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In order to clarify the lower limit of humidity for human environment, it is necessary to find the relationship between moisture content at the human body surface and sensation of dryness. In this paper, for the purpose of explain the trend of the vote of sensation of dryness obtained in the experiment under the exposure to low humidity, the numerical model of tear volume was developed based on moisture evaporation model already proposed by the authors. Firstly, the measured values of the ocular surface temperature under low humidity conditions were compared with calculated values, and it was shown that consideration of the fluctuation in the physiological elements such as stability of oil layer of tear during exposure to low humidity was necessary in order to reproduce the measured values. Secondly, the calculated tear volume based on the current model did not show sufficient agreement with the trend of the sensation of dryness at the eye during the exposure to low humidity.

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The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of varying Nordic walking (NW) style matters on ground reaction force, upper limb and lower limb muscle activity as Electromyogram during NW. Subjects were healthy 8 students　(5 male, 3 women, 21 to 24 years). In all subject, this experiment was performed walk for about three meters as setting of　experimental. The measurements ground reaction force(GRF) and muscle activity used by the force plate (Kistler, 9286BA)　and surface Electromyogram(EMG) (ME5000, Nihonkoden), respectively. They were performed on 3 gait patterns when　normal walking and using walking poles with two different pole groundings. Using walking poles with two different pole　groundings were body side grounding pattern (the subjects placed the poles of the opposite side with the foot in stance phase)　and body forward both groundings (the subjects placed both poles with the right foot). All data was normalized to percentage　of stance phase from 0 to 100% in each subject. Statistical processing used one way repeated measures of ANOVA (＜0.05). The results of this study was showed that walking with the poles significant different decreased (P ≤ .05) in ground reaction force

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual conditions related to temperature regulation in the living room while considering the psychology of the family. Therefore we investigated the actual conditions involved, including the thermal environment, the properties of the houses, and the family relationships. The subjects were 8 families (24 persons)that had at least one university student. In the study, we performed temperature measurements, studied the actual conditions related to temperature regulation, issued lifestyle questionnaires, and held interviews. The results suggested that “The degree of daily communication” and “the degree of communication about the time the heating equipment was used”were correlated in each family. The questionnaires showed that the person performing the“communication about using the equipment” had a　“weakness related to the direct wind of the air conditioning equipment,” compared with the persons who did not perform the　communication. This result may suggest that the person performing the “communication about using the equipment”was taking the rest of the family into consideration. The reason why the subjects did not communicate about the time the heating equipment was used was “they did not to feel the need to communicate”　in 12 of the 14 cases studied.

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In this study, the thermal environment in a room (Room A) constructed with natural materials such as cedar and plaster and a room (Room B) constructed with new building materials was measured for 1 year and it’s influence on living comfortability was examined. We focused on seasonal variations and diurnal variations of temperature. In both the rooms, the temperature inside the ceiling increased remarkably in summer than in winter. In addition, the humidity in room A had a characteristic change during the day. On comparing the internal humidity in both rooms, it was found that the diurnal variation on the inner wall was larger in room A than in room B.

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The number of people who live alone will increase in the near future. In this study, we aimed to grasp the consciousness and life style of people who live alone and to examine their mutual interrelationship. Focusing on the use of heating equipment in winter and the consciousness of the residents, we surveyed people who live alone in the urban areas of the Kansai and Kanto regions in order to grasp the actual conditions. As the main heating equipment employed, 54.4% of the male respondents use air conditioners. In contrast, only 38.9% of the women surveyed used air conditioners as the main heating equipment, which was a significant difference, compared with the men. A lot of the women used Japanese kotatsu and electric carpets as the main heating equipment. Employing cluster analysis, we categorized the subjects into five groups. The different characteristics related to the usage of heating equipment were observed among the five groups.

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To clarify whether the mechanisms of evaluation of local and whole-body thermal sensation are common or not, experiments for 12 subjects exposed to four levels of room air temperatures were conducted to obtain skin temperatures of whole-body and local thermal sensation at head, abdomen, fore arms, hands, upper legs, lower legs, and feet. The regression equation of whole-body thermal sensation in non-steady state based on the averaged skin temperature and its change rate was applied as a trial for local thermal sensation and local skin temperatures. The equation was applicable for the relationship between whole-body thermal sensation and which showed equivalent correlation to head, abdomen, fore arms, hands, upperlegs and lower-legs, whole-body thermal sensation. On the other hand, it was not applicable for abdomen and feet. Skin temperatures at abdomen of young and middle female subject has particular tendency, which resulted in discrepancy between measured and predicted sensation in many cases. Skin temperature at feet has lower values after the exposure to low air temperature, which resulted in lower predicted thermal sensation.

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We conducted an experiment that evaluated wood odor with 24 young people and 24 elderly people over 60 years of age. In this evaluation, we asked the participants about the odor’s intensity, pleasure/discomfort, acceptability, impression evaluation, and what kind of smell it felt like. The samples used in the experiment were cedar, Japanese cypress, and plywood. In this report, we examined the influence of the difference of test subject attributes on the odor evaluation. Regarding gender, women tended to feel the odor more strongly and be more sensitive to discomfort than men.

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This paper outlines a study conducted to verify the psychological and physiological effects of the odor of wood in different prefectures. In this experiment, 9 healthy university students smelled 4 samples of cedar which grew in Miyazaki Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture (these contained core materials). The psychological effects were studied by conducting a survey (by distributing questionnaires) to enquire about odor intensity and desirability. The physiological effects were determined by measuring the brain waves of the subjects. The study shows that the subjects exhibit differences based on their growing area and the core material’s characteristic tendency.

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The thermal environment and physiological data of elderly people during sleeping were measured for 8 days in summer. As physiological data, skin temperature of chest and thigh, temperature and relative humidity under clothing at chest and heart rate were measured with portable sensors. Subjects spent as usual, including setting room temperature of their air conditioner. Thermal environment of sleeping environment was about 27.8C in air temperature and 56% in relative humidity. In this paper, the physiological data of an elderly male subject were reported.

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We measured temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and salivary amylase activity in participants wearing head coverings in order to study the microclimate within them. Our focus was on Muslim women’s garments, nursing covers, and stroller covers. We compared four different types of Muslim women’s garments (the burqa, khimar/niqab, hijab/hijab cap, and the dupatta) and found that the humidity around the head area increased the most with the khimar/niqab and the least with the dupatta. Salivary amylase activity followed the same pattern. These findings suggest that this head area humidity could lead to thermal discomfort. With nursing covers and stroller covers, in-clothing temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration were high under both, with CO2 concentration particularly high under rain covers—which indicates a need for caution when using them.

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There are a lot of kinds of the thermometry apparatus. Relatively cheap, high speed, simple and easy measuring equipment are used. We often get different thermal environmental elements value. When we measured on the same environment condition because temperature and heat radiation are equal in testing chamber, we can measure high precision. At the time of everyday life, in an air conditioner under the summer heat environment and a heater at the time of the chilliness and under the heterogeneous heat radiation environment, heat radiation and temperature are not equal. It is necessary to check emission environment particularly then. In spring and the autumn season, there is much top and bottom difference of temperature. Even with a low-power LED lamp, lighting fixtures generate heat. When we measure temperature, there are methods to reduce the heat radiation that a sensor receives and to gain convection heat transfer. This report is a method to insert a temperature measurement sensor in a ventilation pipe. The sensor which we used just made it the one which could conjugate. We examined battery, the fan motor and digital relative humidity sensors to lengthen use time. We want to describe the production of a tool measuring temperature, the humidity, the heat radiation income, expenditure and water evaporation quantity from the surface in the narrow district such as a wall, clothes and the bedding.

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The purpose of this study are to clarify the actual situation of “arrangement of place” and “the usage” in the “personal seat” of the cafe. The main results are as follows; 1) In “arrangement of place” in “personal seat”， many peoplｅ　shared a large desk and the tapes and partitions visualized the territory. 2) In “the usage” in “personal seat”， Many people sitting at intervals， watching smartphones and reading books.

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For the purpose of evaluating the indoor thermal environment in a lecture room, a 3D model of the human body was assumed for lecture room as an occupant and CFD simulations was carried out. As a result, when the setting temperature of the air conditioning was 24.0 ℃, it was found that the PMV was within the range of approximately ± 0.5, but at the position where the wind from the air conditioner, the PMV might be lower than -0.5. Also, as a result of PMV calculation on the left and right sides of the model of human body, it showed a different tendency on the left and right.

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This study investigated pleasantness arising from the cognition gap in sloping streets. Field experiments were conducted in August, November, and December 2017, aiming to determine by the SD method differences in impression of two approaches, taking into consideration the slope angles of the slopes and the solid angles of the sky, trees, and buildings. As a result of factor analysis, the factors of spaciousness, stableness, and variability were extracted. An adjective pair on comfort belonged to the spaciousness factor because the walking routes were set so as not to cause a cognition gap concerning the ground. The analysis of solid angles showed that spaciousness and stableness were high in those places with large solid angles of the sky and buildings respectively, and that they increased or decreased with changes of their solid angles. The analysis of slope angles indicated that spaciousness was greater in downward slopes than in upward slopes, and it increased as the slope eased in upward slopes.

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The purpose of this study was to examine actual bedroom thermal environment and lifestyle of the flail elderly in winter. The participants were 9 frail elderly (aged 79.1 ± 6.1 years). We measured activity levels during the daytime and body movement during sleep. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured in the participants’ bedrooms. Approximately 80% of the participants had turned off heating devices such as air conditioners and stoves before going to bed. Some participants used only hot water bottles and electric blankets during sleep to warm up their bed. Therefore, the temperature and humidity in the bedroom tend to be lower than the recommended standard bedroom climate conditions for a healthy life (18-22°C, 30-50%: the criteria of thermal environment in house by workshop of thermal environment for elderly life in 1991). The number of wake after sleep onset and the wake rate during sleep increased as the bedroom temperature decreased. It suggests that low bedroom temperature may lead to decline in the quality of sleep. Furthermore, the participants went to bathroom feeling cold at night. It’s important to eliminate the temperature difference in the house to prevent heat shock.

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Diurnal change in physiological and psychological responses to thermal environment at consistent relative humidity (rh) was investigated to test its gender difference. Lightly clothed seven and seven female subjects participated in the experiment where rh was maintained at 60% rh, 70% rh and 80 % rh at air temperature (Ta) of 28℃ from 9 h00 to 18 h00. Skin temperatures and local heat flux rates at four sites and tympanic temperature were continuously monitored at 2-min intervals throughout the experimental period. Body weight loss, oxygen consumption rate were measured during the periods of 9 h30-10 h30, 13 h30-14 h30 and 17 h00-18 h00. In addition, thermal sensation and comfort votes were recorded at the same time. The results showed gender difference in physiological and psychological responses to thermal environment at consistent high relative humidity.

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Questionnaire and undressing experiment were carried out to clarify the consciousness concerning dirt and how to treat clothes in the toilet. In the questionnaire (n=522), most of the respondents chose “toilet seat” and “floor” for concerning dirt in the public toilet. More than half of the respondents had tried to cope with the dirt to keep their cloths clean. Additionally, most of the respondents had tried not to touch their trousers or skirts to the floor when they change the clothes in the public toilet. In the undressing experiment, six males were asked to take off two trousers and during that, the height at which the trousers touched the floor, and the length of the contacted area were measured. As a result, it was shown that the length of the area of the wide leg trousers was longer than that of the suit trousers. These results suggested that the prevention measures of the trousers or skirts touching the floor are needed in the public toilet.

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In this study, we do experiment which we observe human body response with unsteady radiation. We make this experiment in sunny day. In these experiments, subjects move inside and outside the tent with constant interval. From these experiments, we test human thermal sensation response and we measure environmental items, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and physiological items, rectum temperature, metabolism, sweating amount, weight change. As a result, change amount of human thermal sensation had correlation with average skin temperature. In addition, human thermal sensation which predicted from skin temperature had correlation with declared human thermal sensation.

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Focusing on spraying mist as countermeasure to reduce the heat stress of human in thermal environment, the experiments to evaluate the effect of cooling the human body by evaporating on the surface were carried out. From the experiment using the SAT meter, we tried to quantify the mitigating effect of thermal environment by simulated sweating of spraying mist by calculating the amount of latent heat due to evaporation on the human body surface.

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A whole body bath is comfortable in the early period, but body temperature gradually rises and becomes non-comfortable. Some people promote metabolism by long-time bathing for health, and raise refreshment due to the sweating. Long-time bathing increases hot flash and fatigue. We proposed new method bating that suppressed the rise of core temperature and keep a comfortable feeling for the winter season. This bathing method is winding to the physical upper part and ventilates bathroom. Therefore we weighed the winter season and the summer using the bathing method. As a result, it was revealed that the winter season and similar effects were provided in the summer. It was thought that similar effect is provided in both the summer and the winter season during bathing with upper body airflow and bathroom ventilation.

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The author concluded in the previous study that the range of optimum temperature for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries who have severe thermoregulation disorder including defective sweating over most of the body was 24±1℃ (relative humidity: 50%; amount of clothing: 0.6clo). However, thermoregulation response for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries at the room temperature of 22℃ and 26℃ and 50% relative humidity has not been clarified; therefore, artificial climate chamber experiments were conducted for the purpose of understanding the above and the range of optimum temperature for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries was continuously examined. As a result, the oral temperature for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries tended to be stable at the room temperature of 26℃, while it tended to decrease at the room temperature of 22℃.Combining these results with results from the previous experiment, it was indicated that the range of optimum temperature for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries is 23～26℃ when the relative humidity is 50% and the amount of clothing is 0.6clo.

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Individuals with visual impaired may become disoriented when exposed to a sudden noise, such as the sound of a passing train or a truck, while walking. In particular, exposure to such sounds while walking on a station platform may lead to a fatal accident. We investigated the cause that paracsis produces, and the reflection of the sound from wall surfaces influences hearing how, or this study was intended that we examine it experimentally

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Excessive irradiation of UV rays increases health risks. The objective of this research is to clarify the UV protection rate for human body parts as well as a whole body of combination of clothing, hat, arm-cover, parasol by experiment with two manikins. The manikin with 24 UV sensors were used for measurement. The following findings were obtained. The combination of one-piece dress, arm-cover, and parasol had the highest UV protection rate for the whole body with 60.3% at 14:00. The hat and arm-cover completely prevented the body parts covered by them from UV rays, but the effect was limited to local. In contrast, the UV protection effect of the parasol spread widely not only on the head but also on the shoulder and chest. As the sun altitude decreased, the UV protection rate of the parasol and the hat against the face as well as the whole body decreased.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the energy-saving consciousness and the furtherance method of energy-saving action. We performed the questionnaire survey and the measurement survey. We conducted the questionnaire survey for 134 female college students in 2016.The survey was conducted during summer in 2016, and the subjects were 12 female college students. The subject spent 1st day as usual. For two days, the subject spent for consideration of energy-saving. The subject's half received the message about energy-saving by social networking service. In the subjects who received the message of social networking service, energy-saving consciousness became high. And they increased energy-saving action.

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In order to clarify the lower limit of acceptable humidity, sensation of dryness and wetness, comfort on humidity and acceptability on humidity were declared by subjects under the exposure to 10 % of relative humidity. Even under the 10 % rh condition, strong responses of dryness, discomfort, unacceptability were not found. Compared with for skin, the responses are rather strong for eyes, nose, throat and lips. The difference in the characteristics of declaration between genders was not found. The discomfort on humidity becomes rather more intense for similar experiments of the exposure to 30%, though the sensation of dryness did not clearly become more intense. It was suggested that the existence of lower limit of humidity is doubtful based on the psychological responses and that discomfort/unacceptability on humidity are better criteria to evaluate the psychological responses under low humidity than sensation of dryness.

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In this study, we focused on thermal sensations, color, the sense of acceptance, and loneliness in order to clarify comfort, based on the relationship between physical stimulus and emotional state. We aroused emotions in a combined environment of temperature and color, and conducted subject experiments using psychological and physiological indexes. Concerning the psychological indexes, the main effect of temperature and color and the interaction between these two factors were observed with respect to the average value of the impression of “hot-cold” and “comfort”, but the influence of the emotional state was not confirmed. Therefore, one-way analysis of variance with one experimental condition and multiple comparisons using the Tukey method were employed. The results suggested that the emotional state made the influence of temperature and color on the subjective evaluation more significant. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature and time course was confirmed in the physiological indexes, such as the average skin temperature, the inner ear temperature and the like, but the influence of the emotional state was not confirmed.

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It is considered to recognize 31 ℃ WBGT dangerous because of its low temperature value compared with air temperature. This is because WBGT is made based on Yaglou’s effective temperature scale, and the temperature is converted based on relative humidity 100%. A new index WBGT50 indicated based on relative humidity 50% was proposed. There are several methods of calculating the index. From a point of intersection of equal WBGT line with relative humidity 50% line on the psychrometric chart WBGT50 was derived. This index is considered to indicate the effect of environment heat stress appropriately.

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Relationship between exercise habits of 15-18 years old students and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimated from 20m shuttle run test was examined to predict core temperature by using behavior logs obtained from wearable device. The VO2max of students increased with increasing daily exercise habits. When the work load is the same, core temperature of students exercising almost every day was estimated approximately 0.2°C lower than that of students not exercising.

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To improve ventilation efficiency of a sports parka, the most suitable location of the ventilation aperture was considered from a results of ventilation and the distribution of wind velocity in clothing microclimate with manikin. The sports parka, whose ventilation aperture were arranged for the most suitable location, the sample parka was made. Subjective experiments were done to evaluate the effect of ventilation aperture. It was found that the thermal and damp sensation and ventilation efficiency and microclimate humidity with parka with aperture were improved and the heat-transfer coefficient and evaporative heat transfer coefficient in the clothing increased compared one without the aperture.

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[in Japanese]

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Continuous decomposition reaction of toluene was carried out using a semiconductor type oxidation catalyst. Using this reactor, the degradability of toluene was verified using an indoor space of 54 cubic meters filled with about 90 ppm of toluene gas. As a result, approximately 90 % of toluene was removed 600 minutes after the start of the reaction. Side reaction did not occur and it was found that toluene can be decomposed extremely efficiently. By using this reactor, decomposition reaction of various odor substances has been carried out so far. From these results it proved to be practical technology in the field of odor.

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This paper describes a numerical analysis for investigating effective window area ratio of windows with near infrared rays retroreflective film (RRF) to improve thermal environment in summer season using CFD analysis coupled with directional radiant computation In the present analysis, effects of installing the RRF windows on the thermal environment were compared with those of wall greening under the following three different area ratios of each window: 25%, 50%, 67%. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the effects of installing the RRF windows on both improving the thermal environment and mitigating the thermal stress for pedestrians were larger than those of the wall greening even when the window area ratio was set to 25%.

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A series of experiments have been carried out to see age differences in cutaneous warn and cold sensation thresholds using with healthy young, middle-aged, and elderly Japanese females. In the present study, 15 locations in the body have been chosen as target location in order to discuss regional difference in thermal sensitivity as well. The obtained results of the experiment showed that aging effects were found to be significant in both the warm and cold sensation thresholds in each target location. Precisely, the sensitivity to detect coldness was significantly greater in the young females than that in both the middle-aged and the elderly females. The sensitivity was also greater in the middle-aged females than that in the elderly. While there was a remarkable difference in the sensitivity to detect warmness between the young and the elderly females, there was not a significant difference in the one between the middle-aged and the elderly females. In addition, difference between the young and the middle-aged females was not found to be significant. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the sensitivities to detect both warmness and coldness in the elderly females decrease with aging.

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