Bangladesh has an agrarian economy in which rice is the dominant crop. Rice is the staple food, reflected in the high per capita rice consumption in this country. The nutritional demand of the majority of people is met with rice. Over its long history, rice production in Bangladesh has gradually changed in terms of yield potentials, cultivation techniques, and cropping patterns. Despite pressure from overpopulation, the country has reached self-sufficiency in rice production. In this review, we focus on the present status and future prospects of rice cultivation in Bangladesh.

The objective of the survey is to overview the current situation of diversified livelihood of rural communities in Southern Laos by seeing income source and production and consumption of rice, meat, and fish divided by income group. Most of people have strengthened relationship with outside village by possessing vehicle, hand tractor, and motorcycle in Southern Laos. Main income sources of lower income group are non-agricultural activity, selling livestock, and selling forest products. However, selling forest products is decreased and non-agricultural activity is increased in higher income group. People in lower income group more feels increases of rice consumption compared to three years ago. People in higher income group have more opportunities to consume meat and have more cattle, pig, and poultry. Fish consumption is increased in all income groups. People have gotten fish from multi channels such as collecting from natural resources and own fish pond, and purchasing from local market.