Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOF/MS) was used for the characterization of sulfur compounds in Kuwait Light Gas Oil(LGO). GC×GC-TOF/MS is an excellent technique to characterize the molecular composition of sulfur compounds compared to GC-MS, GC-FID, GC-AED and so on. More sulfur compounds peaks, including low intensity peaks of C3-dibenzothiophenes (C3DBTs), were successfully identified by using GC×GC-TOF/MS than those in previous reports using other technique. Since GC ×GC-TOF/MS was also fouond to give quantitative results, it will be possible to quantitatively and indivisdually consider the reactivity of each sulfur compound contained in the LGO feeds.

Global warming is one of the most remarkable environmental issues. In the field of automobiles, it is urgently necessary to improve fuel consumption and to reduce carbon dioxide emission. Recently, as one of the response to these developments, the fuel cell vehicle is expected. Hydrogen can be used as an automotive fuel, but it is difficult to handle easily. Therefore, ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen onboard. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen supply system consists of the ammonia decomposition reactor, the ammonia dissociator, the fuel cell and so on. Ammonia is decomposed at on the catalyst in the reactor to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, and the motor is operated by the electric power to drive. This paper mainly describes the decomposition of ammonia.

In Japanese manufacturing industries, waste water containing ammonia is discharged from various manufacturing industries. These are recovered by the ammonia stripping method. The recovered ammonia is reused as ammonia gas or ammonia water. If the ammonia can be converted into electricity, it leads to high energy efficiency and low running cost. Therefore, the authors would like to propose waste water recycling system. The system is combined of the conventional waste water treatment with ammonia decomposer and fuel cells. It can gain electricity from ammonia. In this case, a necessary amount of ammonia and the density of ammonia were evaluated to secure reusable electric power generation. Thus, to secure a necessary amount of ammonia and the density of ammonia, the waste water recycling system can be effective, and the system revealed to contributing to energy efficiency and low running cost.

The organic hydride is considered as the way of store hydrogen without having any disadvantages of gas hydrogen and liquid hydrogen. And the reversible catalytic reaction of heating is able to do store hydrogen or dehydrogenate. In the modern society, the fuel cell motorcycles are only concept machines and there is no the storing way without having any disadvantages. Therefore, the main target of this study is ”to suggest the hydrogen supply system using the organic hydride for motorcycles”.

In the case of the organic hydride, the storing reaction the dehydrogenate reaction is good at higher pressure and lower temperature and the dehydrogenate reaction is good at lower pressure and higher temperature. Based on using the organic hydride, the energy flow of the hydrogen supply system was calculated in this study. The possibly of used on the lives was discovered by the calculating the energy flow of the hydrogen supply system.

Saudi Arabia is planning to introduce renewable energy as a part of what it calls ”Saudi Vision 2030”, as an attempt reduce the domestic demand on exportable hydrocarbons. This paper focuses on the potential use of solar that Saudi Arabia might have. Therefore, a comparison between two solar systems mounted on residential houses in both Tokyo and Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the potential of using this new alternative in the Saudi energy mix.