We developed a method to understand the urban structure for well-being by combining tree canopy coverage and pedestrian flow data. Greater exposure to green spaces ensures greater benefits for residents of an area. By determining the degree to which the citizens of a city are close to green spaces, the degree of exposure to green spaces in that city can be quantified. We calculated the probability of encountering green spaces from pedestrian flow data and used this probability as the Green Accessibility Index (GAI). The GAI is the degree of exposure to green spaces; because the pedestrian flow data used are all-day data, we can convert this information to a 24-hour period to attain a time unit. This is called the Cumulative Green Spaces Exposure Time (CGSET). By converting the amount of exposure to green spaces into hours, we can respond to findings from measuring the effects per hour seen in public health research. By using these values to evaluate urban structure, we can consider the strategic placement of green spaces, and in the competition for their use in urban areas with limited space, we can theoretically organize the trade-off between the multifunctional benefits of green spaces and the functions that could be realized if the spaces were utilized differently.

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Stress management for office workers has become a critical issue in recent years, with office greening gaining attention as a potential solution. Recent studies suggested that setting plants on individual desks can improve office worker's mental state. However, the burden of individually maintaining for desk plants poses a significant challenge. This study introduced a greening method where workers can freely exchange desk plants, eliminating the need for individual maintenance (self-managed system). This study evaluated the psychological effects of the self-managed system and compared them with those of the conventional fixed system, which requires individual plants management. The results indicated that different methods of greening had distinct effects on participant's emotions, as measured by the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS 2), as well as on their subjective evaluations assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-2 (STAI Y-2), participants were further categorized according to their levels of trait anxiety. The results revealed that the psychological effects of greening methods differed depending on individual anxiety tendencies. This suggested that tailoring greening systems to account for personal psychological traits can optimize their effectiveness. These insights highlighted the potential of innovative greening methods to enhance office environments, reduce stress, and support worker well-being.

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Sanda City is a municipality with the largest number of street trees per capita in Hyogo prefecture, mainly in the new town that began to be occupied in the 1980s, and developed the “Street trees policy for optimizated growing and management” with the following points in 2022. The process of development was ①identification of street trees through tree-by-tree survey,②organize issues and relationship to higher-level and related plans, ③basic concept drafting, ④determination of policy on issues, ⑤organizing perspectives and ideas, ⑥planning concrete measures to realize the policy. ② were organized by planning, using, maintenance technique and environment, economy and institutions aspect. ③ had organized the relationship between community development around the comprehensive plan and landscape plan. ④ consisted of an improvement of the city's brand power, safe/secure/comfortable street environment, optimizated growing and management, collaborative efforts. We have specifically presented the perspectives and ideas that comprise these, study of the leading initiative in Akashia-dai, and “Green Management Sanda 2.0” that is the foundation for optimization.

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This research targeted the Omuro 88 temple pilgrimage sites at Ninna-ji Temple. This report investigated three items "The direction the principal image is facing", "the pilgrimage route" and "the distinctive topography of the temple". The objective was to compare these features with those of the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage and to consider the origins of the Omuro pilgrimage. And, the Sanskrit characters engraved on the Cho-ishi (stone markers) along the pilgrimage route were documented. The findings reveal that the Omuro pilgrimage imitates the general structure of the Shikoku pilgrimage, particularly in terms of temple names, principal image and pilgrimage route. On the other hand, it was revealed that the "distance between temples", "the orientation of the principal image", "characteristics of the Mido (Inner Sanctuary)" cannot be said to be imitations of temples in Shikoku and are unique to Omuro. It also became clear that the number of stones placed along the "pilgrimage route" did not represent a "sacred site".

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The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological effects of a horticultural therapy program utilizing Kobe Sports Park. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of the program by utilizing the park's outdoor space, green space, and indoor environment for a program that has traditionally been conducted inside the facility. Each program was organized into three categories, considering the five healing aspects of horticultural therapy (green space environment, plants, cultivation, creative activities, and interaction). The first is "horticultural activities" such as green space maintenance and planting activities in the park; the second is "park utilization" such as observing nature in the park and experiencing mindfulness; and the third is "creative activities" in which participants create artworks using natural materials found in the park. A psychological effectiveness survey using POMS2 was conducted before and after the horticultural therapy program (7 sessions), and significant differences in psychological improvement were observed at all sessions. The participants also gave positive evaluations of the program. Regarding the park-based horticultural therapy, the effectiveness of the program in providing psychological benefits under appropriate environment and preparation was confirmed.

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