Nutritional education has been presented in various forms for varied purposes and its importance is increasingly recognized. In order to clarify some of the problems in contemporary nutritional education, and areas for improvement, the following three different nutritional guidance programs were studies : (1) a program for reduced salt intake in a rural community with high mortality from cerebrovascular diseases ; (2) weight control program for obese females at a weight control clinic in Tokyo ; and (3) nutritional guidance for males employed in a large company in metropolitan Tokyo.
Community nutritional education begins with proper planning with clear purposes and goals with consideration given to manpower needs such as councelors, budget, and facilities. Results are often evaluated by behavioral approaches which examine changes in the eating behavior of the subjects. Effective nutritional education is a long-term process in which setting of goals, choice of methods, and evaluation of results are repeated in that order. Programs must be conducted in established facilities with physicians and public health nurses and under the initiative of nutritionists. High participation rates and continuity must be maintained by maintained by motivating participants, accurate information provided, consciousness levels for health and disease prevention increased, and diet patterns as well as the living environment in general should be improved. Mutual confidence between the parties involved is definitely a factor in increasing effectiveness of such educational programs.

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Risk factort of stroke and hypertension were analyzed using stroke registry data in Akita and a mass screening examination in the community. Hypertension, smoking, drinking and obesity were the assumed risk factors for stroke subtypes in both sexes. Hypertension in both sexes and smoking as well as drinking in females showed significantly high odds ratios for cerebral hemorrhage (CH), cerebral infarction (CI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In males, high odds ratios were shown with drinking for CH and smoking for CI, and while that for smoking and CH was low. While females with smoking and/or drinking habits were very few in Akita, those that had these habits had a higher tendency for experiencing stroke. The life style of these females may resemble that of males.
Groups with drinking and/or obesity showed higher blood pressures than controls no smoking, no drinking and no obesity. However, blood pressure in the group with smoking were lower than the controls for both males and females. The relative risk for CH in males who smoke was 0.7. The effect of decreasing blood pressure with smoking may be associated with this low relative risk for CH. On the other hand, smoking increased the occurrence of CI. Hypertension appears to be the strongest risk factor for stroke and the control of smoking, drinking and obesity in the community would be very important in the strategy for prevention of stroke and hypertension.

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Associations between coronary risk factors and the prevalence of exercise-induced ST segment depression were examined in clinically normal men (n=194) and women (n=292), who visited a health center in Koto Ward in Tokyo for a medical check-up prior to exercise participation. Significant ST segment depression was defined as 1mm or more at 0.08s from the J-point.
Prevalence of ischemic ST segment depression during treadmill exercise (modified Bruce protocol) was 9. 8% in both men and women. Risk of exercise-induced ST ischemic depression was studied with use of a multiple logistic risk model for each sex.
Exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) response had a highly significant association with age in both sexes. In men, body weight and resting ECG status were significantly associated with the exercise ECG response. However in women, no other risk factors had a significant association with exercise ECG response.

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Multiple regression analyses for prognostic determinants of both systolic & diastolic pressures were made utilizing near basal blood pressure at the initial visits of these patients for the analyses.
Significance was confirmed for only systolic pressure. The inverse relationship between the level of blood pressure and long-term survival rate, i. e. the higher the pressure the lower the survival, was also confirmed only for systolic blood pressure.
At the same time, the effect of hypertensive target organ damage on length of survival was studied. Presence of marked survival difference was confirmed between two groups with and without organ damage but having equal blood pressure at their initial visits. The importance of noting target organ damage was shown by these results.

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